Health & Safety Risks In Construction

Question: Task 1: Literature Review and Research: Review your chosen case study company, with respect to the details of the company processed, their activities in relation to HS and their current Health and Safety Policy Statement / Management System. Review the requirements of OHSAS 18001 and associated legislation which affects your chosen company. Review possible methods for undertaking Initial Status Reviews Task 2: Using a technique of your choice undertake an Initial Status Review (ISR) of the current management of Health and safety within the company. Task 3: Evaluate the current company Health and Safety Policy Statement,making and discussing recommendations for change. Task 4: Based on your ISR results, outline a project plan for the company to address certification to OHSAS1 18001. Task 5: Critically reflect and evaluate the use of initial status reviews,within the framework of developing a health and safety management system. Task 6: Produce a detailed report (~3000 words), covering the above. Answer: Introduction: One of the important aspects of any heavy scale industries is health and safety measures. Health and Safety management practices must be incorporated within these industries so that the risks of accidents and hazards are avoided within the company. Recently, the customers, clients, suppliers and even the share holders are alarmingly concerned about the health and safety management within the organization. The importance of the Health and Safety Management is being recognized by most of the companies as they stress more on the other activities of the company. (Hse.gov.uk, 2015) Thus, the companies are increasingly implementing stress and initiating policies to identify the problems and manage the risk associated with the work. The Health and Safety Management System is considered to be a formal outline that is required to manage the healthy and safety standards of a company. The standards are of national as well as international type like the OHSAS 18001:2007 Occupational Health and S afety Management system, although there are sector specific standards for maintaining health and safety in the company. The industry that is considered for the assignment is the Construction Industry in the United Kingdom which is Wright Constructions. Through the assignment we would advice the company to adopt and acquire the OHSAS 18001. The present health and safety management practices of the company are assessed using the Initial Status Review. (Health and safety a priority?., 2015 Objectives: The key objectives of the assignment are discussed below: Assessment of the current health and safety management practices of Wright Constructions. Carrying out an Initial Status Review by using a questionnaire. Evaluation of Wright Constructions Health and Safety Policy Statement and suggest recommendations. Analyzing the results of the ISR. Information about acquiring the OHSAS 18001 requirements for Wright Constructions. Company overview: Wright Constructions is one of the renowned construction companies that have commenced successful completion of construction development projects which included construction of buildings, works of civil engineering in the public as well as the private sector. Safety is the key element of the construction industry which is never compromised by the Wright Constructions. The company has set the standards of safety quite high and achievable through different procedures and measures. The company has also implemented the Health, Safety and Environment Policy in order to improve the working condition and minimize the risks to the employees. Literature review: Initial status review: The base of any business or organization is to recognize the requirement of implementing health and safety norm within the management practice. The need for such practices is important as it helps to prevent the chances of employee injury, accidents, other health hazards, environmental hazards and safety violation. The construction companies generally abide by the OHSAS 18001:2007 standards and Construction (Design and Management) Regulations 2015. The requirements which must be incorporated by the construction workers in order to protect themselves from any accidents are included in the regulations. (Lingard, 2013) The first method to understand the Occupational Health and Safety Management system is to analyze the recent practices of the company in terms of maintaining health and safety norms. The Initial Status Review (ISR) of Wright Constructions health and safety management practices should be commenced in order to review the current safety status of the organization. The ISR is aimed at identifying the current health and management practices of an organization with some stipulated measures. The assessment is believed to reveal the safety standards of the company. Wright Constructions maintains and abides by the Health, Safety and Environment Policy which imply that the company is concerned about the safety measures and implements certain procedures to maintain the safety norms and standards. It should be noted that the policies and procedures implemented by Wright Constructions may not be appropriate, sophisticated, efficient or effective in reality. Thus, there can always be the need to i mplement a review that will help to understand the current stature of the company. This is why the ISR is conducted through a set of questionnaires. The ISR of questionnaires is an easy, simple and time-saving method to analyze the current status of the company (Lingard, 2013). The ISR helps to answer some of the relevant questions like; Whether the company is implementing the occupational health and safety standards; What other requirements must be incorporated to enhance the occupational health and safety measures; What external sources of information are required; Which of the measures and policies must be introduced or improved within a construction industry; Methodology: The workplace of the Wright Constructions is on the field sites and different outdoor locations. This involves higher health risks like working in the heights which increases the fatalities and injuries, injuries can also be caused due to the moving objects at the site, injuries can also be caused by falling, tripping or slipping, nose is another hazard that can cause deafening of the workers, Hand Arm Vibration Syndrome or blue finger which is disease of joints and nerves occur due to prolonged use of heavy and vibrating tools, risks related to collapse is also present, presence of airborne fibers and materials can cause certain respiratory diseases and lastly, the construction also requires electricity work which again increases the risk of accidents. (Alcumus Group, 2014) To understand that all these problems are dealt away by the Wright Constructions, an assessment is required which is carried through the ISR. ISR is conducted by implementing some self assessment questionnaire wh ich mainly had three choices for answer such as Yes, No and Partly. In response to the questions a set of scores were assigned to the answer choices. The option Yes contains 1 point, No contains 0 points and the last option Partly contains 0.5 points. The scores thus obtained from the analysis would help to understand the current scenario of the health and safety management practices of the Wright Constructions. The ISR questionnaire is divided into five categories like Policy Developing, Team organization, Planning and implementation, Measuring Performance and Auditing the performance. The ISR is conducted at the working site of the Wright Constructions involving 15 workers. The questionnaires were made available to the workers through paper and the responses so obtained are discussed in the results section. (Lingard, 2013) The ISR questionnaire for the Wright Constructions is included in the Appendix 1. Results: Isr findings: The ISR was conducted with 10 workers of Wright Constructions. The questionnaire is divided into five categories each containing two questions having close ended answers. The results so obtained are: Policy Developing- The implementation of the Health and Safety Managements, policies are required that would encourage the company to achieve objectives and benefit the construction projects. The effectiveness of the policy must be ensured by the policy makers of the Wright Constructions. (Finneran and Gibb, 2013) The responses that were yielded from the survey on whether the company has any written policy statement on health and safety were unanimous and the score was 10/10. The next question of this section yielded different response. Does the policy abide by the Health and Safety standards? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage YES 3 30 NO 5 50 PARTLY 2 20 The total score obtained from the response is 4/10 which is a weak score. The chart shows that around 50% of the workers think that the company does not maintain the standards of the Health and Safety. Team Organization- the policies can be effectively and efficiently implemented if there is a structure to execute the management practices. The team members must work by maintaining the health and safety standards. (Wilkins, 2011) The third question was answered positively by the respondents and the score thus obtained is 10/10. The next response to the question reveals that there is a lack of team work within the organization. Does the health and safety norms being achieved by a team? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage YES 3 30 NO 2 20 PARTLY 5 50 The score calculated from here is 5.5/10 which is mediocre score. The chart shows that 50% of the workers could not correctly respond to the question as they were uncertain about the team work within the company. Planning and implementation- the method of implementation is relevant to the effectiveness of the policies. With proper methods of implementation the policies and procedures can be directed towards solving the risks related to the construction sector. (Biggs and Biggs, 2013) The questions regarding the risk assessment and implementation of the policy shows that the respondents do not quite believe that such measures are implemented to mitigate accidents at the construction sites. Have the risks at the construction sites been assessed and measures implemented? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage YES 2 20 NO 6 60 PARTLY 2 20 The total score here is 3/10 which is a very weak score. The response is a strong negative one which can be concluded that the Wright Constructions do not assess or identify the risks at the construction sites. About 60% of the respondents answered No to the above question. The sixth question has acquired a unanimous Yes as the respondents believe that each and everyone in the Wright Constructions actively participate in the practices. The score is 10/10. Measuring the performance- The performance of the Wright Constructions are measured in order to understand the current position of the company in terms of health and safety norms. Observation of the performance is done through two ways: Active monitoring and Reactive Monitoring. The results of both the questions in this section are important. Do your company report and record all the accidents at the construction sites? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage YES 1 10 NO 8 80 PARTLY 1 10 The total score here is 1.5/10 which is a very weak score and the negative response is quite strong in this question. The chart shows that the respondents are strongly believe that Wright Constructions do not record neither report accidents at the sites of constructions. About 80% of the respondents answered No to this question. Is there any observation of health and safety standards? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage YES 4 40 NO 5 50 PARTLY 1 10 The score here is 4.5/10 There is somewhat confusion in the response as 40% believe that the company monitors HS standards and 50% believe they do not. Auditing the performance- the auditing of the performance is a pre planned process. Through the auditing performance reviews are commenced which is useful for the performance standards and analyzing the achievements of the health and safety standards by the Wright Constructions. The policy review is also included in this section which is done over a period of twelve months. The reliability and validity of the policies are judged through the auditing of the performance. Through this, 3the decision whether to continue with the policies or to transform them is judged. (Elias et al., 2011) Do you review the procedure for health and safety? Likert scale range Number of respondents Frequency percentage YES 3 30 NO 5 50 PARTLY 2 20 The score here is 4/10. There is also disagreement in the review of the procedure of HS as 50% of the respondents have answered No. Policy review and recommendations: The Health and Safety Policy Statement of Wright Constructions is attached in the Appendix 2. The evaluation of the policy is discussed below; Safety Management: The objective of the Wright Constructions is the maintenance of an accident free, safe and healthy work environment. The company also plays the role to make sure that none of its activities hurt or harm the individuals, clients, workers and the environment as a whole. (Sherratt, 2014)The construction process is commenced within a safe, secured and environmentally sound manner. Wright Constructions have realized that its ethical responsibility is to abide by the policies and procedures so that the Health and Safety Management are carried out efficiently. It is the duty of the company to assess the construction site and measure the risks and hazards associated with the work process. If any risk is identified then the company must restrict the work unless the risk has been resolved. (Lingard, Cooke and Blismas, 2012) Corporate Social Responsibility: Every company has a corporate social responsibility policy that helps to influence the entire community with the health and safety practices of the company. Wright Constructions also maintains the Corporate Social Responsibility that impacts in an augmenting way to the society and trails the path of sustainability in health, education, social service and cultural issues. (Mohd Kamar et al., 2014) Development with the people: As already discussed that the highest risk of accidents is associated with the construction companies, the need to train the workers in order to minimize the chance of accidents at the construction site is required. Wright Constructions collaborates with others and engage in knowledge sharing so that best health and safety practices are incorporated in order o benefit the company. It is also the duty of the company to initiate certain training programs so that the workers are trained and are able to avoid accidents and even prevent them. (Construction Division: Plan of Work 2014/2015: For public information, 2015) Occupational, Health Safety (OHS): The standards that is required for the implementation of the Health and Safety Policy is the Occupational Health Safety standards. Through OHS standards, the company will be able to cope with the accidents and hazards related to the construction company. The OHSAS 18001 is a standard that sets norms for the Occupational Health and Safety Assessment System. (OHSAS 18001 Certification Procedures, 2014) There are requirements of the OHSAS 18001 standard for any company to acquire the certificate of standards: OHSAS 18001 Standards Manual Occupational Health and Safety Policy Measures associated with H and Safety legal requirements. Objectives and programs of the HS management Ample resources that would help to support the Safety Management System Safety Legislation Compliance. Methods of internal audit. Procedures for safety control and emergency action. Monitoring the performance of HS. Management review of the OHSAS 18001 standards. There are also various types of legislation that is required to implement the OHSAS 18001 standard at the European Level which is given below: (Strmgren and Jnsson, 2015) License issued to the company National Legislation European Legislation Semi-Legislation Recommendations: Based on the results that are extracted from the ISR, the policies and recommendations can be formulated and implemented by Wright Constructions in their Health and Safety Policy Statement. The recommendations are as follows: The Wright Constructions can implement the Accident, RIDDOR, Incident and Near Miss Policy which will help the company to measure and analyzing the accidents and arranging first aid procedures. This policy will also help to identify the occurrence of the accident and reduce it thereafter. Alcohol and Substance Abuse Policy must also be incorporated within the statement of policy so that the company can encourage the employees and help them to overcome the addiction. The company with this policy will be encouraging the sensible habits of drinking and induce a lifestyle which is drug free. (Construction Division: Plan of Work 2014/2015: For public information, 2015) Another policy that can be introduced by Wright Constructions is the Contractors (Selection and On-site Control Policy which includes the selection of the construction site, the usage of proper equipments, the methods of work employed and the capability of the workers which are abided by the legal requirements. Another policy that can help to reduce hazards is the Control of Substances Hazardous to Health (COSHH) Policy. Through this policy the hazardous substances that are harmful as well as used regularly in the workplace would be removed. This policy puts forward a guideline to improve the environment by ventilation or exhaust extraction. There are two important policies that must be included which are the Electricity at Work Policy and the Fire Safety Policy. The Electricity at Work Policy (New.surreycc.gov.uk, 2015) put forwards norms that if employees are not trained then they must be participate in work that are related to installing or repairing sockets, plugs and tools or other electrical installations. The fire safety policy indicates that the company will maintain a fire risk assessment. This policy also identifies the fire hazards and mitigates the risk of fire. (Csb.gov.hk, 2015) Conclusion: The assignment is based on the present status of the health and safety management practices of Wright Constructions which is a leading construction company in the UK. The evaluation of the Health and Safety management practices of Wright Constructions reveal that the policy statement should incorporate several other policies that would help the company to avoid accidents and maintain a safe and secured work environment. Based on the ISR report which was conducted through a questionnaire set which was surveyed with the help of 10 workers at the construction site reveal that though there is a written health and policy statement of the company but most of the aspects do not comply with the policy statements and the standards. In this regard it is recommended that the company acquire the OHSAS 18001:2007 standards that will benefit the company to reduce and mitigate the risks at the construction sites. The requirements to achieve the OHSAS certification are informed for the company to ac quire it. (Strmgren and Jnsson, 2015) References: Alcumus Group, (2014).Top 10 Health Safety Risks In Construction - Alcumus Group. [online] Available at: https://www.alcumusgroup.com/top-10-health-safety-risks-in-construction/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Biggs, H. and Biggs, S. (2013). Interlocked projects in safety competency and safety effectiveness indicators in the construction sector.Safety Science, 52, pp.37-42. Construction Division: Plan of Work 2014/2015: For public information. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Health and Safety Executives. Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/work-plan-2014-15.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Construction Division: Plan of Work 2014/2015: For public information. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Health and Safety Executives. Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/construction/work-plan-2014-15.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Csb.gov.hk, (2015).Occupational Safety and Health in Civil Service - Initial Status Review. [online] Available at: https://www.csb.gov.hk/english/oshcs/safety/safety_initial.html [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Elias, I., Felix, H., David, P. and David, O. (2011). Improving Construction Health and Safety: Application of Cost-Benefit Analysis (CBA) for Accident Prevention.International Journal of Construction Management, 11(1), pp.19-35. Finneran, A. and Gibb, A. (2013). Construction Safety and Health.Construction Management and Economics, 31(5), pp.501-502. Health and safety a priority?. (2015). 1st ed. [ebook] Available at: https://www.bsigroup.com/LocalFiles/en-IN/Certification/BS%20OHSAS%2018001/OHSAS-18001.pdf [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Hse.gov.uk, (2015).Health and safety management systems. [online] Available at: https://www.hse.gov.uk/managing/health.htm [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Lingard, H. (2013). Design Risk Management: Contribution to Health and Safety.Construction Management and Economics, 31(6), pp.704-706. Lingard, H. (2013). Design Risk Management: Contribution to Health and Safety.Construction Management and Economics, 31(6), pp.704-706. Lingard, H. (2013). Occupational health and safety in the construction industry.Construction Management and Economics, 31(6), pp.505-514. Lingard, H., Cooke, T. and Blismas, N. (2012). Designing for construction workers occupational health and safety: a case study of socio-material complexity.Construction Management and Economics, 30(7), pp.599-599. Mohd Kamar, I., Lop, N., Mat Salleh, N., Mamter, S. and Suhaimi, H. (2014). Contractors Awareness on Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) Management Systems in Construction Industry.E3S Web of Conferences, 3, p.01019. New.surreycc.gov.uk, (2015).Surrey County Council - Section D2 Appendix 1 - Electricity at Work Regulations 1989. [online] Available at: https://new.surreycc.gov.uk/your-council/how-the-council-works/council-policies-and-strategies/health-and-safety-manual/section-d-equipment/section-d2-appendix-1-electricity-at-work-regulations-1989 [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. OHSAS 18001 Certification Procedures, (2014).OHSAS 18001 PPT Presentation. [online] Available at: https://ohsas18001procedure.wordpress.com/ohsas-18001-ppt/ [Accessed 14 Apr. 2015]. Sherratt, F. (2014). Exploring Zero Target safety programmes in the UK construction industry.Construction Management and Economics, 32(7-8), pp.737-748. Strmgren, M. and Jnsson, R. (2015). Professional Recognition of Fire Safety Engineering is Needed in the European Construction Sector.Fire Technol. Strmgren, M. and Jnsson, R. (2015). Professional Recognition of Fire Safety Engineering is Needed in the European Construction Sector.Fire Technol. Strmgren, M. and Jnsson, R. (2015). Professional Recognition of Fire Safety Engineering is Needed in the European Construction Sector.Fire Technol. Wilkins, J. (2011). Construction workers perceptions of health and safety training programmes.Construction Management and Economics, 29(10), pp.1017-1026.

Superfund Issue Essays - Hazardous Waste, , Term Papers

Superfund Issue There have been few environmental problems that have posed the same level of concern as that of the hazardous waste issue. Similarly, few environmental laws have caused the level of frustration as that felt towards Superfund, the main legislative tool that was designed to address the public fears in regards to hazardous waste. Superfund is a law that was passed in 1980. It is formally known as the Comprehensive Environmental Response, Compensation, and Liability Act, or CERCLA. It established a special fund called the Superfund Trust Fund as a pot of money, 1.6 billion over 5 years, which was originally planned to finance the clean up of some 400 sites. Today, Superfund has grown into one of the nations largest environmental projects with over 30 billion being spent on over 1200 sites. The EPA, with the aid of state and tribal governments, is the agency charged with implementing and enforcing the Superfund Program. Since the Superfund was designed to be used for abandoned sites where the responsible parties are unknown or bankrupt, the EPA makes every effort to identify the parties responsible for the contamination so they can be held liable for the costs of the cleanup. Superfund sites are discovered by local and state agencies performing inspections, businesses, the EPA, the Coast Guard or anybody else who takes the initiative to report a potentially hazardous waste site to the National Hotline Number. When sites are identified the EPA must decide if it requires an emergency response, an early action, or a long-term action. EPA Overview/Analysis of Superfund uses a scorecard method called the Hazard Ranking System (HRS) to determine the level of danger in a hazardous waste site. If the site requires immediate action to eliminate serious risk to human health or the environment, it will be dealt with as an emergency response. If a site poses a threat in the near future, an early action will be enacted to contain the risk. Typically, Early Action goals are to; prevent direct human contact with contaminants from the site; remove hazardous materials from the site; prevent contaminants from spreading off the site; provide water to residents whose drinking water has been contaminated by the site; or temporarily or permanently evacuate and, if necessary, relocate nearby residents. Early actions can last from a few days up to 5 years. If a site has been polluted for many years, it may take a few years to decades to cleanup. For sites such as these, Long-Term Actions are taken which include restoring ground water and taking measures to protect wetlands, estuaries, and other ecological resources. The people responsible for contamination areas are referred to as Potentially Responsible Parties (PRPs). The EPA has many ways of identifying PRPs. EPA investigators review site files kept by Federal, state and local agencies, review land deeds and titles at the local courthouse, look for names on drums or other hazardous materials at the site, and interview employees, former employees or neighbors of the site. When a responsible party is found, they can be used to find other responsible parties. Once the parties are identified, the EPA generates information request letters to get further information concerning the PRPs ability to pay for the cleanup action. Overview/Analysis of Superfund Analysis The Superfund program is without question a necessity that, even if having met none of its intended goals, has managed to enhance the awareness of the responsible parties of hazardous waste sites. For that alone it as been of great value in reducing the occurrence of hazardous waste sites which would have previously developed as a result of environmental ignorance But, as an effective tool for cleanup, it's not as successful as had been hoped. The two major complaints of Superfund are the enormous costs and the long delays in processing a site for cleanup. As of 1996, only about 200 of the 1200 sites listed on the National Priority List had been completely cleaned up and with a cost average of $30 million and 12 years per site. One of the chief reasons for Superfund's exploding costs is the free-for-all pursuit of responsible parties allowed by the act. Superfund calls for retroactive liability, meaning that corporate practices that might have been perfectly legal, fully permitted and safe under the law years ago can now be punished retroactively. Potentially Responsible Parties are defined under the law as, (1) those who own or operate a site; (2) owned or operated a site at the time of the disposal of wastes; (3) arranged for disposal, treatment, or transportation of waste;

the flame who lost his way essays

the flame who lost his way essays It is not possible or commendable in mainstream United States to imitate biblical-times gender role patterns. In biblical times, male and female weren't associated according to gender as much as they were according to relationship. Because of the enmeshed society where individuating was not only not done but wasn't seen as normal or healthy we cannot as individuals in the United States begin to imitate let alone completely understand gender role patterns in biblical-times. Women were seen as sisters, wives, mothers, daughters etc. not as women in the sense of gender. Men were also enveloped within relationship as brother, husband, father, son etc. not as maleness. Relationship defined who they were as a person in relationship. An individual was usually someone outside the group, inferior, sick or unacceptable. In the United States we value individuality. We have whole professions dedicated specifically to heal those who are not individuals in one sense or another. We value the self-alone, not as much as relationship. Who we are isn't bound in what relationship we are in but usually in what we do for a living. Because of this foundational difference in orientation as human beings we should not and could not imitate biblical-times gender role patterns. When we as Western thinkers read the Bible through our United States, individual promoting lenses we tend to view the culture of the ancient Near East as barbaric and dehumanizing for some classes, especially women. We feel they are treated as inferior and we cannot understand how a gracious God could not only allow but also institute such a prejudiced society. But here is where we misunderstand the culture and women. Are they treated inferior or just different? The presuppositions of Hebrew culture regarding men and women lead to the understanding of the roles of each sex. According to Proverbs women were easy to fall into adultery, therefore, men were to keep them pure according ...

Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Essays

Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Essays Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Paper Macbeth, Ruler by Divine Right Paper To discourage this mad scramble for power among the nobles, Shakespeare uses the theme of betrayal answered by reprisals to Justify the theology of the divine right of kings. During the time of Shakespeare, Europe had become a more ordered place since the time of the Dark Ages. During this time, the lands were ruled by warlords and war raged constantly as various rulers with their own armies struggled for power. Europe emerged from this time period, due in large part to the divine right of kings theology. According to this doctrine, God bestows on kings the right to rule. As James I writes, inns sit upon God his throne In the earth and have the count of their administration to give unto him (par. 4). An uprising against the king, which James describes as monstrous and unnatural, is by extension an uprising against the will of God (Label). Most Europeans at the turn of the first millennium were extremely religious therefore this made subjects much more willing to obey the king without questions. This aspect of the doctrine dramatically helped Europe to stabilize from its previous warring state because those who went against the king were also going against the will of God and therefore risking eternal damnation. Although this theology can easily be dismissed today as a naive invention in order to keep kings in power, it was widely accepted during the 16th and 17 centuries during Shakespearean time, due to the much greater influence of the church. Shakespeare uses the fact that there existed a large devotion to Charlatanry to comment on Macbeth character and further demonstrate the evils In the usurpation of authoritative figures. Machetes fall from grace closely resembles the similar fall of Lucifer from the courts of heaven to definitively point out the evils inherent in the unwarranted seizure of control. The rebellion of Lucifer is described in the book Isaiah as, How you have fallen from heaven, O morning star, son of the dawn! You have been cast down to the earth, you who once laid low the nations! You said in your heart, l will ascend to heaven; I will raise my throne above the stars of God; I will sit enthroned on the mount of assembly, on the utmost heights of the sacred mountain (Chapter 14: 12-13). These transgressions which reflect Machetes ambition to kill Duncan and unlawfully take the throne away from the rightful heir were swiftly punished by God who said, So I made a fire come out from you, and It ensured you, and I reduced you to ashes on the ground In the sight of all who were watching (Ezekiel 28:18). Shakespeare asserts that In scalar fashion as the great dragon was hurled down-that ancient serpent called the devil or Satan, who [seeks to] lead ten wangle world astray (Revelations 12 Y) as Machete Is lead astray Day ten witches planting the seeds of rebellion in his mind. Macbeth is often in close association with evil characters such as the three witches and Hectare throughout the play to reflect the changing character of Macbeth as he becomes more and more evil. It was the witches, who are associated with the devil, who first makes Macbeth obsessed with attaining power when they greet him with, All hail Macbeth! Hat shall be king hereafter (Shakespeare 1. 3. 50). By having both Banquet and Macbeth present when the witches promise great things for both of them, Shakespeare is asserting that all men will undergo temptation, but also that it is possible to stay devoted and loyal such as Banquet does even under great temptation. Macbeth, however, does not stay loyal to Duncan and a lmost immediately following the words of the witches he admits that, my thought, whose murder yet is UT fantastical shakes so my single state of man that function, is smothered in surmise, and nothing is but what is not (Shakespeare 1. . 139). With this personal confession, Macbeth reveals how he is struggling internally between his own personal ambition and what he knows is right. When he does later decide to murder Duncan, he acknowledges that his deed will entail all the kinds of violence civilization has been struggling to suppress since it first began (Watson) as he had just recently help put down a rebellion against Duncan, ironically enough. When Macbeth does betray Duncan, the consequences of this are enormous angina from fits of paranoia to his eventual death. The fallout of this central betrayal is foreshadowed early in the play when the former thane of Castor tried to betray Duncan and paid dearly for it. Duncan says that he was a gentleman on whom I built an absolute trust (Shakespeare 1. 4. 14) and because of this betrayal of trust he is executed and his title is given to Macbeth. The same fate will eventually await Macbeth as the rebel must be sacrificed to preserve [universal order] (Bloom) but first he is abandoned by everyone around his until he is alone with his evil thoughts. The first introduction to evil with respect to Macbeth the character is with his meeting with the three witches. As the play progresses, evil in association to Macbeth grow proportionately as the ones around him draw further away from him. The first abandonment from Macbeth is God abandoning him the night of Dunces murder. Banquet is describing the night sky to his son when he says, Their candles are all (Shakespeare 2. 1. 5) representative of God not being present at Machetes out castle because he knows what evil is to take place that night. After Dunces murder and Macbeth assumes the throne, his paranoia sets in and his own senses even egging to betray him as is evident by the apparition of the slain Banquet at a feast. The frightened and alarmed Macbeth remarks the time has been, that, when the brains were out, the man would die, and there an end: but now they rise again (Shakespeare 3. 4. 78). This psychological breakdown displays the spiritual struggle going through Macbeth as evil continues to consume him. The last stages of abandonment of Macbeth come Just before Macadam and Malcolm storm Machetes castle. The nobles see how corrupt and insane Macbeth and promptly defect; as Macbeth says, the thanes fly from me (Shakespeare 5. 3. 49). This desertion becomes o severe that the number of troops inside the castle so low that the only way to fight the oncoming enemy is to prepare for a siege. Macbeth describes the enemy force by saying, were teeny not Trace Walt n tense Tanat snout a De ours we malign nave met teem direful, beard to beard, and beat them backward home (Shakespeare 5. 5. 5). With God, his own senses, and his nobles abandoning him, the last person to do so is his wife. The person who he committed the initial crime dies of an unknown cause to foreshadow his similar death and to emphasize how truly alone he is at this point. The murder of Duncan is no mere political assassination. It is the very worst thing imaginable: most sacrilegious Murder (al. Iii. 68), violating all the bonds between man, nature and God (Bloom); because of his assassination of the king he has now lost all of those he holds dear around him. In this time of absolute solitude, Macbeth cries out to his servant, Sexton! I am sick at heart (Shakespeare 5. 3. 19). The name Sexton may be pronounced Satan in reference to Lucifer who had the original rebellion on which Machetes is only modeled. When Macbeth admits that he is sick at heart this signifies that the transformation to complete evil is now complete and o remnant of the loyal Macbeth remains. This reference to Lucifer makes the play turn full circle as the seeds of rebellion were planted by devilish characters and it ends in Macbeth becoming a devilish character himself. Macbeth does receive his ultimate punishment much like the previous thane of Castor by being executed and having his head cut off. Shakespearean theme of betrayal met by Zestful vengeance illustrate his views on how kings should be viewed as appointments by God and not to be overthrown, reflecting the view of the divine right of kings. The practice of this theology largely eloped Europe to exit the period of small warring nations and become the great power known as the West dominating the world intellectually and technologically for hundreds of years. Shakespeare was not the only writer to incorporate messages to discourage the usurpation of central powers, approximately 300 years before Shakespeare, Dante, who wrote the Inferno, described the lowest pit of hell as having three occupants. Two out of the three were there because of their part in the murder of Julius Caesar which weakened the Roman Empire and led to a power struggle. Both Dante and Shakespeare had similar ideas that rebellion against persons in rower were inherently evil deeds which only increased entropy in the universe and were acts of the devil.

Arab World Project Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Arab World Project Analysis - Research Paper Example Hypothesis: This project is based on the hypothesis that intervention is required to check the trend of obesity in Arab countries and physical exercise is the best tool to reduce its prevalence. The hypothesis is structured on the assumption that the new project would be beneficial to the people in countries like Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Besides, due to the high demand expected for such a service, the project will be highly feasible. Background Information – Literature Review: The project is based on a health service that envisages physical fitness and training centers in Jordan, Syria and Lebanon. Physical exercise and fitness is very crucial in avoiding various healthcare issues including obesity. Diabetes, Obesity, and CHD are very common amongst the population this peninsula (Al-Nuaim, 1997). Physical activity of the people has significantly been reduced with the availability of housemaids, television, private cars and various sophisticated home appliances (Alwan 1993). Fast foods contain large amounts of fats such as in items like fried chicken, hamburgers, french-fries etc and these have become very popular in Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon (Amine and Al-Awadi 1990). Lack of exercise also contributes to the prevalence of obesity and such healthcare problems. The rapid economic growth has produced considerable alterations in socioeconomic lifestyle and status. The sedentary lifestyle ultimately results in larger accumulation of body fat in the individuals. (C. J. Caspersen, K. E. Powell, and G, 1985). Jordan is one of the newest countries in the Middle East with a total of 6million inhabitants. Population of the Adolescents (10-24 years) represents 1/3rd of the Jordanian population or just above 1.5 million persons. (Department of Statistics [Jordan]. 2009Amman, Jordan) According to the Behavioral Risk Factor Survey for Jordan, almost 50% of Jordanian adults, reportedly, are not in the habit of engaging in physical activities and 81% of them are suppo sed to have a low intake level of fruits and vegetables (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2004). In another survey that was conducted in Jordan, 14.3% of Jordanian adolescents people aged 13-15 years were found to be at the top in the list of becoming overweight, and also 83% of them participated in inadequate physical activities, and only 14.3% of them were reported to be physically energetic (Centers for Disease Control and Prevention 2007). These challenges also impact the Jordanian lifestyle and health and also increase the risk of various diseases. Syria also confronts various healthcare issues in the present scenario. â€Å"As the quasi- independent Syrian government took an increasing amount of decision-making power from the French authorities, the notions of connections between strong male bodies and a strong nation that had percolated throughout the decade became institutionalized as part of government policy† (Dolbee, pg.2). Regular exercise helps to reduc e the risk of developing various kinds of diseases like high blood pressure, high cholesterol, heart disease, type 2 diabetes as well as certain types of cancer. Besides, such physical activities drastically reduce the risk of heart attacks. It is significant that physical activity be defined prior to examining its status among Syrian children and adolescents (Caspersen C 1985). The capability to relate

Stem Cell Research from Christian Perspective Essay

Stem Cell Research from Christian Perspective - Essay Example Stem cell research's eligibility and necessity is doubted through moral and ethical arguments, while the scientific approach tries to convince the humans that the primary goal is to make them healthier, to find the cure to cancer and many other benefits. The main reason why stem cell research causes such a controversy is because, in the stage in which the blastocyst is extracted, the embryo dies. Since it is impossible to remove the blastocyst without killing the embryo, certain religions believe that stem cell research is evil. This is because there is an uncertainty as to when life begins, and whether it begins from the time of conception, or it begins only after the fetus has begun to develop. This is where society is distinctly split, between the scientists and the religious ethicists. One of the positive aspects of stem cell research that goes in favor of the scientists is the fact that they can do a great deal to help scientific studies, especially in finding the cures for diseases. Scientists have found that, by experimenting with stem cells, they can possibly find cures for chronic and fatal diseases such as diabetes, Parkinson's, Alzheimer's, heart disease, cancer, multiple sclerosis, spinal cord injuries, and many more. By performing stem cell research, scientists will be able to help hundreds of thousands of people who are affected by diseases such as these. This can be done by taking the unspecialized stem cells and removing certain protein coats, and therefore turning it into a certain type of cell (such as a cardiac cell or brain cell). These cells can then are transplanted into the needed areas and replace the existing, non-working cells to cure the person of that illness. During the process through which a stem cell is removed from an embryo, and the embryo is sacrificed. The argument many people make about this issue is that it is morally wrong. Many Catholics feel that it is not right to kill the embryos because they are human beings. Scientists believe it is not their part to judge whether it is morally right or wrong. Their job is to make the cures and this is one way to do it. Many people think it is wrong to kill humans to help other humans. This opinion is supported by four passages from Scriptures (Benson 2004): Genesis 1:26-27 - Humans are made in God's image Deuteronomy 5:17 - We are not to unjustly take human life Psalm 139:15, 16 - God knew us as individuals in our mother's womb and even before Matthew 1:20 - Our Savior was once a single cell embryo The debate over stem cell research is closely related to the cloning issue. As Dr. David Stevens has noted, the embryonic clone would be the patient's genetic twin displaced in time. It would be a human being because it has the chromosomes of a human perfectly formed for that stage of development. At that point in time, the embryo is self-directed and, if left in the proper environment, it will continue development through gestation, birth, maturity and eventually natural death, just like all humans (Benson 2004). The question here is when does the life begin according to the Creator Christians and the representatives of other religions are confident that the stem cell research

Experience Essay Example for Free

Experience Essay I personally believe that a persons field of experience plays a very pivotal role in defining who that person is. With that in mind, there are definitely countless experiences and accomplishments that made me who I am. It is said that a persons field of experience is the sum of all experiences that have ever happened to that person since birth. As such, the things that make me who I am are the people I meet, the things I am exposed to every day, and the things that I do. In my life, I continuously meet new people. These people help form me. Whenever I meet someone, especially if I get to know them well enough, that person leaves his or her mark on me. Friends, family, and strangers have all contributed to my edification. The kindness I see in some of them make me realize that if you are nice to people, they will, more often than not, reciprocate your kindness. Likewise, the blind idealism Ive seen in some of them made me understand that the world is not a place full of sunshine and rainbows. I once had a friend who was going through a very difficult time in his life. I saw him suffer at the hands of typhoon Ondoy. The next time I saw him, he was practically homeless. His grades plummeted and he told me he kept seeing flashes of the flood happening again and again. I assumed there was no hope for him. I thought he was falling in a downward spiral. That taught me life isnt always fair. Sometimes we go through hardships that we have done nothing to deserve, but, as the days went by, I saw that same person get back on his feet, beat the odds, and persevere despite what he went through. This taught me that, no matter what happens, we must remember that God will always be with us, and His grace abounds. The things I am exposed to every day can be anything from what I read, what I see on a billboard, or even what I smell on the way to the cafeteria. These things help me stimulate my thoughts and reach certain realizations that help in my formation. For example, when I was at Lake Tahoe, I remember seeing a snowflake fall on my hand. When I was staring at my garden at home, I saw a petal from a flower fall down to the floor. Those things didnt mean anything to me then, but just recently, I understood that they can mean so much more. Something as beautiful as a snowflake or flower petal falling only lasts so long. The snowflake melts, and the petal withers and dies. It made me realize that the best things in life are simply the fleeting moments that come and go in a blink of an eye. That only means we need to enjoy the falling of the snowflake or the petal even more, and we can always wait for the next one to fall. My actions have caused me both great joy and deep sorrow. There are things I regret doing and there are opportunities I have missed. Despite it all, I still say the both the things I have done, and things I could have but didnt do all contributed to my current self. If even one decision Ive ever made or action Ive ever done, no matter how seemingly insignificant, was changed, I probably wouldnt be who I am today. If I decided not to go with my grandmother to the hospital; if didnt suggest that she go take the helpers home and leave me there; even if I decided to stop by 7-Eleven on my way up the stairs to buy a Coke, I wouldnt have been the only one there to see my great-aunt die. If I didnt experience that, I would definitely be different. How I would have turned out, I do not know. All I know is whatever I do or dont do contributes to my field of experience. Our fields of experience make us who we are. Everything that weve ever been through makes us who we are. Everything we see, everything we feel, every person we meet, and everything that we do help define us. As our life goes on, we continuously change. Minds broaden or narrow. Skills may sharpen or dull. Ideas may spark to life or wither and die. It is up to us whether these changes are for the better or for the worse.