Law for social work Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Law for social work - Essay Example unity care involves providing respite care, day services, accommodations, home help and carer and family support for persons with learning disabilities. The same kind of help is also available under community care for persons with physical disabilities and the elderly together with their carers. The latter groups are provided with additional means of support. For instances persons with physical disabilities are provided with direct payments, employment assistance, ‘self-management living schemes’ and equipment such as wheel chairs. The elderly are provided with ‘home care services, delivered meals, day care and lunch clubs.’ Similar services are provided for individuals with mental disabilities.2 Under children and family’s social work, social workers undertake a large variety of responsibilities. They provide childcare services and are involved in the education and social development of the child. Social workers are actively involved in the adoption process and make provision for protective services for children in danger.3 The social worker’s duties in respect of the Criminal Justice system are multifaceted and can be onerous. The social worker is involved in an exhaustive list of tasks from the sentencing and probation of offenders to ‘supervision and support for released prisoners.’4 The variety of roles required of the social worker and the importance of their relationship with the community at large requires the imposition of a professional duty of care. As such, the social worker is not only required to be familiar with the law, they are also required to uphold the law in an appropriate case. This paper looks at the legal obligations of the social worker and the importance of the law in the context of the various duties and obligations already mentioned. Social work is regulated in the United Kingdom by a professional organization known as the British Association of Social Workers. The Association is charged with the duty of

Analytical hierarchy process Essay Example for Free

Analytical hierarchy process Essay Decision-making is human activity whereby value judgments regarding the attractiveness of preferences play a major role. There are various ways through which an organization can supplement and improve decision analysis; however, the incorporation of human decisions with technology through the design and utilization multi criteria decision analysis (MCDA) contributes towards the success of an organization to a great extent. This essay provides a detailed analysis and evaluation of the multi criteria decision analysis as applied in logistics and supply chain decision analysis in contemporary business and organizations. The first section of this essay introduces the various types of MCDA and provides details about how analytical hierarchy process (AHP) works, being one of the most popular MCDA techniques. This is followed by a detailed analysis of various decision problems in logistics and supply chain which involve the use of MCDA techniques: such include supply chain performance management, supplier selection, production-driven characteristics, logistics and supply chain capital and infrastructural investments. In section that follows, the advantages, disadvantages and limitations of MCDA are clearly detailed out, in special reference to the logistics and supply chain department of an organization. Finally, the essay provides a concluding paragraph which is based on the author’s opinion regarding the effectiveness and success of multi criteria decision analysis in supply chain and logistics management as well as recommendations on what ought to be done to make the application more beneficial to decision makers and the organization at large. Introduction MCDA refers to a multiple decision criteria that aimed at assisting decision makers who are often faced with many and inconsistent problem evaluations. The goal of MCDA is typically to emphasize on the conflicting and inconsistent areas and derive a technique of harmonization (Xiang, 2006). The MCDA methods commonly used in the contemporary decision field include analytical hierarchy process(AHP), weighted sum model(WSM), analytical network process(ANP), inner product vectors(IPV), Weighted product model(WPM), multi attribute value theory(MAVT) , multi attribute utility theory(MAUT), SMART (simple multiple attribute rating technique), Equal Swaps, MACBETH(Measuring Attractiveness by a Categorical Based Evaluation Technique) (Xiang, 2006). Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) This is one of the most famous decision criteria methods. It is a controlled technique used to deal with multifaceted decisions. AHP applies a quantitative comparison technique based on pair-wise evaluations of the decision criteria. It assists the decision maker in generating one among the best alternatives to their problem in accordance to the decision maker’s comprehension of the problem. The method applies the skills of psychology and mathematics to provide rational, comprehensive structure for framing a decision problem, presenting, computing and quantifying the elements, linking elements to goals and assessing other alternative solutions. It is used in education, business, healthcare and other industries as a decision support tool (Jamil and Linkov, 2004). Users of this method begin by decomposing the decision problem into a hierarchy of straightforwardly understandable sub-problems, which can be separately analyzed: the chosen decision problem elements may relate to any aspect of, the decision problem, whether tangible or not. After building the hierarchy, decision makers then evaluate the elements systematically by making well thought comparisons in pairs. Here, AHP necessitates that human judgments should be used while making the comparisons over and above the underlying information to make evaluations between the elements (Jamil and Linkov, 2004). AHP then changes the evaluations into numerical values which can be compared and processed in the whole decision problem. Numerical weights are generated for all the hierarchical elements. This allows for diversity and enables the decision maker to compare consistently and rationally between incommensurable elements. It is this ability that distinguishes AHP from all other techniques if MCDA (Jamil and Linkov, 2004). Finally, numerical values are calculated for all the alternatives. The numerical value of each alternative represents the ability of such an alternative to accomplish the goal of the decision. This makes it possible to directly consider the ability of all available alternatives using their numerical value so that a rational decision maker chooses the alternative with the highest value since it indicates that such an alternative will best suit a solution to the decision problem (Jamil and Linkov, 2004).

Anthrax Vaccination :: essays research papers

The anthrax vaccination is the only known defense available for United States Troops against the deadly anthrax virus. Many experts have said it is not effective against inhalation anthrax. Studies have not been conclusive in their findings. The chance of living if you have received the anthrax vaccination seems better. More studies should be conducted outside the Department of Defense, with their cooperation, before the process to vaccinate troops continues. Anthrax is a disease normally associated with plant eating animals (sheep, goats, and cattle) caused by the bacterium Bacillius anthracis. It is now controlled through vaccination programs throughout the world including the United States. Human infection with anthrax usually results from contact with infected animals or products. Anthrax was discovered by Robert Koch in 1876. An effective vaccine for animals was developed in 1881 by Louis Pasteur. In humans, the disease appears in both external and internal forms. The external form is contracted through cuts and breaks in the skin. The internal form is caught by inhaling anthrax spores, which invade the lungs and intestinal tract (Funk and Wagnalls New Encyclopedia, 1996). Russian scientists have created a new form of the anthrax virus by genetic engineering. Col. Arthur Friedlander , chief of the bacteriology division at the U.S. Army Medical Research Institute states, †The evidence that they presented suggested that it could be resistant to our vaccine† (Riechman, Army Times 03-09-98). When anthrax is used as a biological weapon, people become infected by breathing the spores released in the air. Anthrax is 100,000 times deadlier than the deadliest chemical warfare agent. It is the preferred biological agent because it is easy to produce in bulk and the materials are low in cost. (B.D.Hawkins,Army Times) Dr. Jose Ramero Cruz, of the World Health Organization states,†Because anthrax spores are resistant to dryness and heat, they are relatively easy to grind and store†. U.S. officials say that as many as 12 countries including Russia, Iraq, and North Korea, have established capabilities to produce and load deadly anthrax spores into weapons (D.Funk, Army Times, 3-19-98). An anthrax loaded scud missile could kill 100,000 people in an urban area according to a 1993 study, â€Å"Proliferation of Weapons of Mass Destruction: Assessing the Risks†, (J. Erlich, Army Times, 9-8-97). No country is known to have released the biological agent during wartime. Anthrax has the potential to cover large areas of the battlefield. It is not known what branch of service, front line, or rear area troops would be at greater risks. Defense Secretary William Cohen stated, â€Å"Anthrax is the poor man’s atomic bomb† (D.

Fatherhood Essay

Homer Simpson from The Simpsons, Peter Griffin from Family Guy, and Jerry from Wizards of Waverly Place, are just a few of the many youth television shows that present a dangerously distorted male figure. Or The Sweet Life of Zack and Cody, who run rampant throughout the hotel that they live in with their mother who was left to raise her children due to a dead beat father who left the family when the kids were young. Whether there is a Dad or there is not a Dad; they are presented as weak, childish, and brainless. These men are, at best, the whipping post for the strong-willed mothers who apparently have the real power and are the ones that essentially keep the home and the children from falling apart. It is clear that the role of Fatherhood has been distorted and watered down in the current century. Because of this, many modern day fathers fail to accomplish their duties towards their family, duties defined in Scripture, not because they do not want to but because they do not understand how crucial they are to their family, because society tells them that they are not really needed, and simply that they do not even know where to start. The task of being a father is of critical importance, and it has never been more so than in this day and age. A child’s relationship with Dad is a decisive factor in that young man or woman’s health, development and happiness. Stephen K. Baskerville, an American scholar of political science as well as a leading authority on divorce, child custody and the family court system, wrote, â€Å"A generation of fatherhood advocates has emerged who insist that fatherlessness is the most critical social issue of our time. In Fatherless America, David Blankenhorn calls the crisis of fatherless children â€Å"the most destructive trend of our generation† (1995, 1). Their case is powerful. Virtually every major social pathology issue has been linked to fatherless children: violent crime, drug and alcohol abuse, truancy, unwed pregnancy, suicide, and psychological disorders—all correlating more strongly with fatherlessness than with any other single factor, surpassing even race and poverty. The majority of prisoners, juvenile detention inmates, high school dropouts, pregnant teenagers, adolescent murderers, and rapists come from fatherless homes (Daniels 1998, passim). Children from affluent but broken families are much more likely to get into trouble than children from poor but intact ones, and white children from separated families are at higher risk than black children in intact families (McLanahan 1998, 88). The connection between single-parent households and crime is so strong that controlling for this factor erases the relationship between race and crime as well as between low income and crime (Kamarck and Galston 1990, 14)† (Baskerville, independent. org). These statistics bring forth something vastly different than what is seen in pop culture’s most-watched TV shows. Despite these staggering statistics, no attempt is being made to change this very prominent issue that American society faces every day. Instead of the government focusing on getting rid of poverty through public school systems, go to the true source of the issue which would involve eliminating one-parent families and teaching every young man the importance of fatherhood and should be preparing them to step up when that day comes. History also plays a key role in the downfall of Male leaders in the home. The Industrial Revolution came upon the world with great force. Women began entering the workforce and started becoming more and more independent. Feminists rose from this age and helped fuel the beginnings of what we see today: that being, more and more single family homes, often being run by the mother and not the father. Women think they can do it on their own but this is not always the case. There are some women out there who have been able to raise successful children but this is not the case for many other single family homes. The bible is very vocal when it comes to fatherhood. The concept of fatherhood begins with the one who created the universe. Derek Prince, an international Bible teacher, says that â€Å"The fact behind all other facts is that God created the universe as father. He left his imprint on every aspect of creation† (Prince, 57). God is indeed, the perfect father whom every earthly father should model themselves after and give their all to be the best father they can be. Proverbs 22:6-11 reads, â€Å"Train up a child in the way he should go: and when he is old, he will not depart from it† (English Standard Version). The father is the initial instructor of his children and therefore sets the path for how they are going to live their lives. Ephesians 6:4 is a summary of instruction to parents, represented by the father, in a negative and positive way which states, â€Å"and now a word to you fathers, don’t make your children angry by the way you treat them. Rather, bring them up with the discipline and instruction approved by the Lord† (English Standard Version). This is where the issue of discipline comes into play. The father should not discipline with the intention of frustrating their child or making their child feel less of themselves. Wanda L. Ball, an author, speaker, and teacher, writes, â€Å"A wise parent wants to make obedience desirable through love and gentleness. Christian discipline is needed to prevent children from growing up without reverence for God, respect for their parent’s authority, knowledge of Christian standards and self-control. 2 Timothy 3:16-17 says, ‘All scripture is given of God and is profitable for teaching, reproving, correcting and instruction in righteousness; that the man (or woman) of God may be completely equipped for all good works. ’ This is what the Bible says about being a father† (Ball-publications. com). With this being said, a solid framework for how a father should be is established. The tricky part is how to carry this all out. God is indeed the model father. As Josh McDowell writes in his book, The Father Connection, â€Å"He is a tender Father who invites us to address Him as ‘Abba’†¦He is a listening Father who bids us to approach him boldly as ‘our father in heaven’†¦ He is a loving Father who freely and forcefully demonstrated his Father-love at the baptism of his Son, Jesus with a voice like thunder that said, ‘This is my Son, whom I love; with him I am well pleased. ’ He is a giving Father who gives good gifts to his children. He is the Father of all, the very definition of father-hood, the fount of everything that is good, moral, and worthy of imitation† (McDowell, 18). If this is not how a father would want to be then something is very wrong. Every man should be humble enough to model themselves to be like their Heavenly father who gave them the opportunity to even be a father. God is a wondrous God who is more to us than just a Creator. What follows will lay out all that a father should be towards his son, his daughter, as well as his wife. These will all be discussed separately and then related back to each-other in the end. For his son, a father must create an early bond with him, must be able to discipline his son, and lastly, must be a consistent example for his son in every aspect of life. For his daughter, a father must recognize that he is the first man in her life, must constantly encourage her, must exercise leadership and display perseverance, and needs to be there for his daughter by comforting her, being compassionate, and by supporting her. Lastly for a father, is his relationship with his wife, who is the source of his father-hood. How a husband treats his wife is crucial in raising children. A husband must be able to take input from his wife and be able to make decisions from that input, must love and cherish his wife at all time, and must also be able to give praise to his wife. A father’s children watch him constantly and one of the main ways children learn from their father is by observing how he treats their mother. The modern day man fails to accomplish his duties towards his son: to teach and guide him towards manhood. Fatherhood is not something to fool around with and take lightly. A father has the responsibility of properly raising members of the future generations. The job of a father is not just doing well in business but rather raising their son. A father’s main goal in raising his son should be to train the young boy throughout his early life how to be a man and to teach him what it means to be a man. Fatherhood is complex and requires hard work and commitment, as well as love. To start, manhood needs to be defined. Rick Johnson, a best-selling Christian author and speaker focusing on parenting, marriage, fathering, personal growth, character development, and masculinity, says that â€Å"authentic manhood is living for a cause bigger than yourself† (Johnson, 18-19). This means that one should not simply live for themselves but live for the benefit of others. A man needs to be a servant to others which includes, first and foremost, his wife and children; to be the protector and leader. When it comes to the son, he needs to be able to look at his father in a similar way to the way he looks at superheroes like superman and spider-man. In other words, his father needs to be able to look at his father and say, â€Å"I want to be like my dad when I grow up. † For a father, this type of respect must be earned. Relationships are hard work and take effort and care. As it says in Proverbs, â€Å"train a child in the way he should go, and when he is older he will not turn from it† (English Standard Version, Proverbs 22:6). A father needs to focus on his character because that is the best way to gain a young boys respect. A father could be courageous, compassionate, loving, strong, understanding, and so on. A son will notice this and seek to emulate it. To start out, a father must begin to bond with his son in his sons early years. This is much harder to do now than it did in the past. Before the Industrial Revolution, the father and son were with each other almost every moment of every day. The father would work the land at home and would train his son at an early age to do the same. Fathers did not have to take time out of there day to have â€Å"bonding time† with their son. It just happened because that’s how the times were (Johnson). Unfortunately, after the Industrial revolution, the men started to work outside of the home for hours and hours on end and were not home nearly as much. In current culture it becomes more and more difficult for fathers to bond with their sons in the early stages of life. Cheryl Erwin, a licensed marriage and family therapist who provides parent coaching, parent education, and professional training to help you develop both wisdom and skill wrote, â€Å"A father’s role in the raising of his children has changed dramatically over the past century or two. In generations past, sons expected to follow in their fathers’ footsteps, apprenticing in their work and in their approach to life. During the nineteenth century, however, fathers began to go out to work, and the measure of a man’s success slowly changed. Rather than the closeness of his family and the strength of his family business, a man’s worth could be measured in his income, the value of his house, and the size of his car. Parenting became â€Å"women’s work†; fathers were just too busy earning a living. And generations of boys grew up hungering for closeness with a father they barely knew, someone who came home only to eat dinner, look over omework, hear about the day’s misbehavior, and watch a little television† (Erwin, life. familyeducation. com) Sons yearn for their fathers. In Proverbs it says, â€Å"The glory of sons is their fathers† (English Standard Version, Proverbs 17:6). Just as God’s people seek to worship him, a son seeks to worship his father. It’s clear that young boys seek to be like their father. They try to walk the same way, talk the same way, dress the same way. It is a part of our genetic makeup. Rick Johnson writes, â€Å"Our sons’ eyes are watching us constantly. They observe how we react to the many justices and injustices of the world† (Johnson, 20). They need to see a man’s ability to recover from mistakes and stay strong in tough times. A boy relies on his father to be there through all of what life brings forth. Next, a father needs to be able to discipline his son. Many men misunderstand the concept of discipline. They think that discipline should be used to instill fear in their children for what he might do to punish them for their wrongful actions. This however, is exactly the opposite of what disciplining is. Discipline is to be done in love and not anger. One does not discipline because he is angry that his child has overstepped his bounds. Instead, he should be committed to teaching the child what to do and what not to do; to know what is right and what is wrong. Dr. Lawrence Balter, a child psychologist and parenting expert wrote that â€Å"discipline is not just punishing, forcing compliance or stamping out bad behavior. Rather, discipline has to do with teaching proper deportment, caring about others, controlling oneself and putting someone else’ wishes before one’s own when the occasion calls for it. When disciplining, the focus needs to be on teaching and not on punishing. Over time, as a father bonds with his son and develops a deeper relationship with him, the son should not have to fear the wrath that is about to come but should instead fear disappointing him due to the deep respect the son has for the father. Lastly, possibly the most difficult of all, is the father being a constant example to his son. In order for the son to accept things that he is corrected about, he must see that the Father does those things that he is constantly instilling in his son. The most important of which is being respectful to everyone. In order for one’s son to respect him, they must see that the father respects everyone in all situations including his son. In order to get respect you must first give it . Respect is earned. In relation to having respect for others, the father must display self-respect. A boy must see confidence in his father. The father must know that no matter what people think of him his son will always think highly of him. This goes a long with the fact that boys yearn for their fathers love. Included in being an example is having respect for women. Chivalry, something that has been around for hundreds of years is becoming less and less implemented in young men by their fathers. One of the simplest ways a father can do this is by opening doors for women. This shows a young boy that we are willing servants of women in that we do the â€Å"dirty work. † A woman is delicate and should be treated as such. Chivalry is only the half of it. A father needs to be an example for his son by how he treats his wife. The bible calls men to be considerate of their wives and to treat them with respect. If a son sees his father disrespecting his wife he will more than likely treat women in a similar fashion and vice versa. In the end, the father plays the most crucial role in the development of a young man. It is easy for a man to become distracted with all of the things life throws at him and forget about how important he is to his son. A man needs to set his priorities straight from the moment he gets married and has children. In all things, God is first, family is second, and work is third. A man needs to, above all else, instill biblical principles in the family life. He needs to be the anchor of the family in Christ. He is the natural leader and needs to act as such. His job is to raise a son with the same values. Moving on to daughters, Meg Meeker, a Pediatrician, wrote, â€Å"Fathers, more than anyone else, set the course for a daughter’s life† (Meeker 1). Whether a father wants to believe it, he is the most important person in a young girl’s life, not the mother. The problem today is that fathers assume they do not have much of an influence on their daughters. A father automatically thinks that the mother has the bigger responsibility over the daughter because she can better relate to a girl’s problems. In media, it is very common for the father to cause their daughter to cry over an unimportant issue and then would send the mother after her to comfort her. Unfortunately, this is how it is in many homes. Fathers are becoming more and more distant from their daughters and are unaware of how detrimental this can be as they become more and more uninvolved in their daughter’s life. The modern day father fails to accomplish his duties towards his daughter and to realize how important he is to his daughter, not because he does not want to but because he does not know what to do or even where to start. A father needs to recognize that he is the first man in his daughter’s life, needs to be encouraging of his daughter, must display leadership and perseverance, and must be able to be compassionate and understanding towards his daughter’s emotions and problems.

Debut albums Essay

High School. Those two words can either bring fear or happiness to anyone. Besides college, the most life altering period in one’s lifetime is the four years we must go through to finally reach that milestone of getting a diploma. High school is that time to find yourself. It’s that time where you’re expected to conduct yourself like an adult, but you still get treated like a kid, a time of confusion. Because I cannot speak for everybody’s opinions about high school, I will just share mine. I’ve realized that there is no other place in this world where you will find such a large array of people other than a public high school. You have your jocks, your honors students, your geeks, your goths, your skaters, your princesses (a. k. a. cheerleaders), your drama kids, and then you have those kids that don’t really fit into any other category but â€Å"you know, those kids. † Logically, you would think that there is absolutely no way all of those different types of people could get along, but for some unknown reason we do. School is like a whole other separate community, a business community. The C. E. O. and head honchos are the main office, the teachers are the workers, and we students are merely the entrepreneurs. With that said, I have figured out a reason on why we all get along. Every entrepreneur does what they do for all the same reasons, just like all of us students attend school for the same thing. Of course some of us attend more voluntarily than others but nevertheless, we all show up every morning for the same reason. We show up to learn, to prepare ourselves for the real world and what is to come. Most of us show up to better our chances of succeeding in education after high school. Another thing I’ve learned about high school is that for a place that is supposed to be all good and fun and educational, there sure are a lot of things that aren’t. The food isn’t good, the stressful work isn’t fun, and some classes might be educational but I sure don’t understand why the heck I have to take them, like Introduction to Animal Sciences for example. How is that helping me be prepared for the real world? However, because of these problems in the system of just about every high school, I’ve learned possibly the most valuable lessons of all: Life isn’t fair, you don’t always get what you want, and you can’t change people. The point of me telling you all of this isn’t to say what a great learning experience I’ve had or how I know that my way of life has been shaped by my experiences in school, but rather to point out that you can’t always focus on the differences, or the negatives in life, but instead to realize what you have in common, or what is good.

How to Write a Speech in Business Studies a Comprehensive Writing Manual You Need

How to Write a Speech in Business Studies a Comprehensive Writing Manual You Need Courses in business studies often include sections dedicated to speeches, their writing and delivery. It is only natural – after all, whether you occupy a leadership or subordinate position, in business environment you are very likely to make reports, presentations, deliver sales pitches and so on. The ability to express your thoughts and ideas not just in writing but also orally is of paramount importance here. Even if you used to be a part of a debating club or dabbled in speech writing back in school, this is not going to be of much help here, for business speeches have a lot of specific features that set them apart from other types of oral communication. They are less concerned with rhetoric devices and making picturesque comparisons and more with hard facts and your ability to use them to your advantage. Quite often, you have to write an assignment of this type without having received sufficient instruction beforehand. Let’s rectify this situation – our best speechwriting specialists have prepared this guide so that you never again experience problems writing your business studies speeches. How to Write a Speech in Business Studies: Preparation and the Choice of Topic A speech is, by definition, a relatively short piece of writing, as it is supposed to be delivered orally in front of an audience. One may think that writing it should not take long. In a sense, it is true – you will most likely spend more time preparing than writing; which is another reason to pay extra attention to this stage. Here we list what you have to do in a specific order, but it does not mean that you finish with one thing and move on to the next. The nature of a speech is such that you have to treat each stage while referring to all the other steps: e.g., your choice of topic depends on the audience (who they are and what they know), speech length (you should not take a deep and complex topic if you have just 3 minutes to cover it), etc. 1. Define and Narrow Down Your Topic Sometimes the professor either defines your topic for you or severely limits your options. However, quite often you have enough freedom of choice to influence the direction your speech is going to take, at least to a degree. Some things you may base your topic on are: The nature of the event. What is the reason you have to deliver a speech? Your personal interests. A speech produces a much better impression if there is some real enthusiasm behind it. Can you find something related to the subject matter of your course that genuinely interests you? Your knowledge. Is there something you know that most of your peers are ignorant of? Your experience. Nothing brings a point across better than speaking from personal experience; Relevant latest news. Business studies is a discipline that deals with real life, and you can demonstrate that you keep your eyes on the ball by building your speech around a recent event that is likely to influence business climate. Here are some examples: What It Means to Run a Community-Conscious Business in Modern Society; Introducing Innovation and Technology in Traditionally Conservative Businesses; Customer Is Always Right – Is It Truly So? Customer Feedback – Why No Business Can Survive without It; HR Management – Treating People as more than just a Resource. The important thing to understand is that there is no such thing as a perfect topic. Find something that is good enough for your purposes and start working – this will bring better results than wasting time trying to find an ideal topic. 2. Analyze Your Audience Speeches in business studies one writes in college are usually based on case studies. You are given a situation and are asked to prepare and deliver a speech addressing some issue expressed in the case. For example, you are a small business owner who recently joined the Chamber of Commerce of your town. As a new member, you are invited to deliver a short presentation of yourself and your business at the next meeting. Analyze your audience and consider the following: Who are the bulk of your audience? What are their main interests? What do they need? Is there a problem you can help them solve? What do they expect of you? Do they know something about your topic, or you will have to start from scratch? What else do you have to consider about them? Who your audience is determines the language you have to use, terminology you can introduce into your speech without explanations, what arguments they are likely to treat favorably and so on. 3. Consider the Length Most likely, each member of your class (or most of them) will have to write and deliver one, and some time should remain for discussion as well. This means that you will probably be very limited in time – do not expect to have more than 5 minutes to deliver the speech, so plan accordingly. Your professor will tell you how much time you will have, but fitting your speech into this period is your job. Read a passage from a book aloud at your normal speech tempo and check how much you will be able to cover. An actual speech of the same length may take somewhat shorter or longer to deliver, but this value is a good reference point for your word count, so try to stick to it. You will have an opportunity to slightly shorten or lengthen your speech if necessary later on. Alternatively, use an online tool to convert words to minutes – but remember that different people talk at different speed, and such tools by definition are not very precise. 4. Consider the Purpose Speeches usually pursue one of the four purposes (or a combination thereof): To inform. You should either present new information about a familiar subject or describe something completely new to your audience. Emphasis on facts, statistics and other types of provable information is encouraged; To persuade. You try to win the audience to your way of thinking. You want to persuade them to do something or change their point of view. Again, facts are important, but you should properly season them with rhetorical techniques; To entertain. This goal is less concerned with facts and details and more with showing your wit. In business studies you are unlikely to have an assignment aimed solely at entertaining the listeners, but it may be worth introducing a few witty remarks even into completely serious speeches; To celebrate. You have to tell what makes a specific person, event or organization special and worthy of the audience’s respect. Decide which goal you will pursue beforehand, or you may end up writing a confusing and misleading speech. 5. Research Your Topic Sometimes your work is already laid out in front of you. Sometimes you have to gather information first. Anyway, your format defines what you have to do, and the most important thing about it is the amount of time you have. Depending on the length of your essay, you should get more or fewer sources of information. Stick to high-value, reliable sources – you almost certainly won’t have enough word count to refer to everything you find, so make sure the sources you do mention can serve as hard evidence that does not need further backing up. You can find sources using academic databases and search engines like EBSCO, JSTOR or ProQuest. How to Write a Speech in Business Studies: Writing the Main Part of the Speech 1. Start with an Outline Speeches are short and rely on your ability to remember them and reconstruct them from memory. Therefore, they are even more reliant on structure and planning than other academic assignments. You not only have to fit everything you want to say into a very strict word count, but also make its structure intuitive enough to rebuild it effortlessly on the go. Prepare an outline. A typical structure of a speech is this: Introduction. You introduce yourself, give a reason why you are giving a speech and offer your main thesis. ‘Who’ and ‘why’ parts may differ in length depending on the task (e.g., if you deliver a speech to your class as yourself and not as a part of a case study, you can omit it altogether). Try to hook your audience in right away – introduce an interesting and unexpected fact, mention something seemingly irrelevant to pique their interest, tell a story from personal experience; Main part. Present your thesis and supporting evidence. Do not try to say everything you know on the subject – depending on the length of the speech, keep it to 2-5 points. Don not ramble: clearly divide points from each other. Introduce a point, provide evidence, connect to the next point (using words like ‘however’, ‘meanwhile’, ‘therefore’, etc.); Takeaway. Wrap things up and drive your main idea home. You can do it by either summarizing what you have already said in a couple of especially strong sentences or (even better) telling a story illustrating your point. Divide the speech into parts and jot down how much time you can spend on each of them. Write down what you will mention in each part and how you will connect them. 2. Use a Conversational Tone A speech is primarily an oral message, and oral speech is different from written text. Your speech should sound like an address to the audience, not as reading from a book. Therefore, write the way you normally talk: Use short and simple sentences. It will make it easier for the audience to understand you and for you to remember the speech; Avoid using long and complex words and structures – if you cannot imagine yourself using a word or sentence in everyday speech, do not use it; Address your audience directly, as if you were talking with each of them individually. Do not be abstract – talk about things relevant for them; Avoid formal language – this will help you appear friendlier. 3. Be Specific In business studies, it is especially important to back your words up with facts and statistics and not with vague appeals to the audience. Make the audience understand that you know what you are talking about and are familiar with background information. 4. Use Examples Human brain is hard-wired to pay attention to stories and process them better than abstract facts. Backing your points up with cases from your experience lends you credibility and makes it easier for the audience to follow you. How to Write a Speech in Business Studies: Post-Writing Tips and Editing Post-writing work on a speech is different from most other academic assignments because speeches are not exactly writing tasks – they are evaluated based on how well you deliver them. Therefore, formal aspects like formatting, spelling, grammar and suchlike are of secondary importance (unless you have to submit your speech in written form as well). 1. Read Your Speech Aloud Do you fit into the allotted time comfortably? Tweak the length of the speech. Either cut a few inconsequential phrases or add a little if there is enough space left. After you manage to finish talking on time, memorize the speech and see if you can repeat this feat without looking at the text. 2. Prepare Speaker Notes Few things in this world are more pathetic and uninspiring than a person reading his/her speech aloud. Do not expect to be allowed to do it, and even if it is an option, do not do it anyway. When delivering a speech, you have to maintain eye contact with the audience, they should feel that you speak to them, not at them. Therefore, memorize your speech, but do not rely on your memory too much, even if the speech is just a few minutes long. You can stumble at the worst possible moment, and have to prepare for it. Speaker notes are a collection of reminders you can glance at every now and then to make sure you did not forget anything and proceed as planned. They should contain only the basics, each point expressed in a couple of words – you will not have time to read more in the middle of a speech. 3. Deliver Your Speech to a Test Audience For example, a couple of friends, preferably with backgrounds similar to that of your future audience. Ask them if your speech appear logical and persuasive. Pay attention to their suggestions – you are likely to miss some things that are obvious for outside observers. 4. Edit and Proofread Unless you submit the text of your speech, your spelling and even grammar are not that important – you are going to deliver the speech to an audience, and spoken word has different standards, allowing for certain irregularities. However, you still should reread, edit and proofread the text – not for spelling mistakes, but for gaps in your argument, leaps of logic and suchlike. Carefully read your speech and ask yourself if everything works as intended. 5. Choose a Presentation Tool Most business speeches presuppose the use of visual elements (slides, video, etc.). They make it easier to draw the audience’s attention and focus it on specific points of your speech. There are many amateur and professional presentation tools: PowerPoint, Google Slides and many others. Which one to use is mostly a question of personal preference, but you should be aware of your tool’s capabilities and limitations before you start out. As you can see, preparing a speech is not as hard as one may believe it to be. Follow these guidelines, and you will complete yours in no time!

Free Essays on Uncle Toms Cabin3000

Uncle Tom manages the Shelby plantation. Strong, intelligent, capable, good, and kind, he is the most heroic figure in the novel that bears his name. Tom's most important characteristic is his Christian faith. God has given Tom an extraordinary ability. He can forgive the evil done to him. His self-sacrificing love for others has been called motherly. It has also been called truly Christian. AUNT CHLOE- Aunt Chloe, Uncle Tom's wife, is fat, warm, and jolly. She is a good housekeeper and a superb cook, and justly proud of her skill. She loves Tom, and urges him to escape to Canada rather than to go South with Haley. After Tom is sold, she convinces the Shelbys to hire her out to a baker in Louisville and to use her wages to buy Tom's freedom. She is heartbroken to learn of his death. - MOSE, PETE, AND POLLY - Mose, Pete, and Polly, the children of Uncle Tom and Aunt Chloe, are playful and rambunctious. Polly is Tom's special favorite, and she loves to bury her tiny hands in his hair. ELIZA HARRIS - Eliza Harris is raised by her mistress, Mrs. Shelby, to be pious and good. Described as light-skinned and pretty, Eliza dearly loves her husband, George Harris, and their little boy, Harry. When she learns that Harry is about to be sold, Eliza carries him in her arms to the Ohio River, which she crosses on cakes of ice. Although generally a modest and retiring young woman, Eliza becomes extraordinarily brave because of her love for her son. GEORGE HARRIS- George Harris, portrayed as a light-skinned and intelligent slave, belongs to a man named Harris. He is married to Eliza, who lives on the Shelby plantation, and they have a son, Harry. HARRY AND LITTLE ELIZA - Harry and little Eliza are the children of George and Eliza Harris. Harry, born a slave on the Shelby Plantation, is bright and cute, and sings and dances for Mr. Shelby and Haley. He is so beautiful that he is disguised as a girl in order to escape into Canada. Once there, he does ver... Free Essays on Uncle Toms Cabin3000 Free Essays on Uncle Toms Cabin3000 Uncle Tom manages the Shelby plantation. Strong, intelligent, capable, good, and kind, he is the most heroic figure in the novel that bears his name. Tom's most important characteristic is his Christian faith. God has given Tom an extraordinary ability. He can forgive the evil done to him. His self-sacrificing love for others has been called motherly. It has also been called truly Christian. AUNT CHLOE- Aunt Chloe, Uncle Tom's wife, is fat, warm, and jolly. She is a good housekeeper and a superb cook, and justly proud of her skill. She loves Tom, and urges him to escape to Canada rather than to go South with Haley. After Tom is sold, she convinces the Shelbys to hire her out to a baker in Louisville and to use her wages to buy Tom's freedom. She is heartbroken to learn of his death. - MOSE, PETE, AND POLLY - Mose, Pete, and Polly, the children of Uncle Tom and Aunt Chloe, are playful and rambunctious. Polly is Tom's special favorite, and she loves to bury her tiny hands in his hair. ELIZA HARRIS - Eliza Harris is raised by her mistress, Mrs. Shelby, to be pious and good. Described as light-skinned and pretty, Eliza dearly loves her husband, George Harris, and their little boy, Harry. When she learns that Harry is about to be sold, Eliza carries him in her arms to the Ohio River, which she crosses on cakes of ice. Although generally a modest and retiring young woman, Eliza becomes extraordinarily brave because of her love for her son. GEORGE HARRIS- George Harris, portrayed as a light-skinned and intelligent slave, belongs to a man named Harris. He is married to Eliza, who lives on the Shelby plantation, and they have a son, Harry. HARRY AND LITTLE ELIZA - Harry and little Eliza are the children of George and Eliza Harris. Harry, born a slave on the Shelby Plantation, is bright and cute, and sings and dances for Mr. Shelby and Haley. He is so beautiful that he is disguised as a girl in order to escape into Canada. Once there, he does ver...

Cómo identificar un billete de dólar falso

Cà ³mo identificar un billete de dà ³lar falso Pagar con un billete de dà ³lar falso es un delito federal y, cualquier persona extranjera condenada por ese delito podrà ­a perder toda posibilidad de ingresar o  emigrar a Estados Unidos porque  es una de las causas de inadmisibilidad, desde el punto de vista migratorio. En Estados Unidos,  turistas u otras personas con visas no inmigrantes asà ­ como los  nuevos inmigrantes se sorprenden cuando en los comercios y almacenes los empleados comprueban si el billete con el que se paga es falso. Es una prctica habitual que no debe molestar. La razà ³n es que se estima que son falsos 100 de cada un millà ³n de billetes de dà ³lar en circulacià ³n, frente a 10 de cada millà ³n de francos suizos.    ¿Cul es el billete de dà ³lar que se falsifica ms frecuentemente? Aunque dentro de Estados Unidos el billete falsificado ms comà ºn es el de $20, a nivel mundial es el de $100, siendo notoriamente famosos los producidos por el gobierno de Corea del Norte que, debido a su alta calidad, pueden pasar fcilmente como si fueran autà ©nticos cuando se les compara con los modelos antiguos de esos billetes. Precisamente para dificultar la produccià ³n ilegal de billetes de $100, el gobierno de los Estados Unidos  comenzà ³, en otoà ±o de 2013,   a poner en circulacià ³n billetes de esa denominacià ³n que son prcticamente imposibles de falsificar. Las caracterà ­sticas de los billetes de $100, cuyo costo de produccià ³n es superior al de su denominacià ³n, son las siguientes:   Lazo azul tridimensional de seguridad.La frase ONE HUNDRED USA aparece inscrita en letra muy pequeà ±a en el tintero y en la marca de agua est inscrito USA 100.La frase The United States of America aparece en letras diminutas en el cuello de Benjamin Franklin.La cifra 100 en grande cambia de color cuando se inclina el billete.La Campana de la Libertad que est dentro del tintero cambia de color segà ºn se incline el billete.Las imgenes alternas de campanas y del nà ºmero 100 cambian de color, segà ºn el ngulo con el que se incline el billete.La tira a la izquierda de la cara de Benjamin Franklin sà ³lo es visible si el billete se pone bajo un foco de luz.Grabado tipo entalladura que le da al billete una textura especial. 10 tips para identificar los billetes de dà ³lar falsos Se puede aprender a identifica los billetes de dà ³lar falsos de todo tipo de denominacià ³n siguiendo las siguientes tips simples y sencillas. 1. Hilo de seguridad Es posible verlo al levantar el billete y observarlo a contraluz. Se ver un hilo que atraviesa el billete de arriba a abajo. En realidad, es un trozo de polià ©ster incrustado en el billete que contiene la denominacià ³n del billete -de cunto es- en letras muy pequeà ±itas. Este hilo de seguridad se ve tanto si se mira al billete por el lado en el que aparece el retrato (anverso) como desde el reverso. Si se pone debajo de luz ultravioleta, el hilo se ilumina con un color fluorescente, uno distinto para cada uno de los distintos valores que pueden tener los billetes de dà ³lar americano. Si se pone debajo de una lmpara con luz negra, tambià ©n se puede comprobar que aparece el color correspondiente a la denominacià ³n del billete. Sin embargo, los billetes de $1 y $2 no tienen este hilo de seguridad. 2. Cambio de color Si se mira el billete por el anverso y se inclina con un pequeà ±o movimiento es posible detectar un cambio de color de los nà ºmeros situados en la parte inferior de la derecha en la que se expresa de cunto valor es el billete. Si se trata de un billete que se imprimià ³ recientemente, el cambio se ve mucho mejor que en otros que son ms antiguos. Tampoco tienen esta medida de seguridad  los billetes de $1 y $2. 3. Marca de agua Cuando se levanta el billete y se pone a contraluz, se puede observar una imagen similar a la del anverso y que no est bien definida.   Forma parte del papel y sà ³lo se ve asà ­. Los billetes de $1 y $2 no tienen, por ahora, marca de agua. Todos los dems, sà ­. 4. Tacto Las fà ³rmulas del papel en el que se imprimen los billetes y la tinta que se utiliza son secretas. Se sabe que est conformado en un 75 por ciento por algodà ³n y un 25 por ciento es lino, pero poco ms. Cuando los billetes entran en circulacià ³n el papel se desgasta de un modo muy particular de tal modo que las personas muy acostumbradas a tener en sus manos billetes -como dependientes de almacenes, taxistas, empleados de bancos, etc.- detectan rpidamente los billetes falsos. Carecen del tacto que hace tan peculiar al dà ³lar verdadero. 5. Fibra roja y azul Es posible detectar diminutas fibras rojas y azules por todo el billete y que forman parte del papel. En los dà ³lares falsos se puede apreciar que, o bien faltan, o bien estn impresas. Es decir, no son parte intrà ­nseca del papel. 6. Coincidencia de las cantidades Una de las formas clsicas de falsificar un billete es pegar muy bien y profesionalmente un nà ºmero en las esquinas donde aparece el valor del billete. Por ejemplo, aà ±adir un cero a un billete de $5 y asà ­ obtener uno de $50. Es recomendable comprobar siempre que la cantidad en nà ºmero corresponde con la que se especifica en letra en el anverso y reverso del billete y que la cantidad que dice en nà ºmero corresponde con la correcta del retrato. Estas son: $1: George Washington (retrato pequeà ±o). El 45 por ciento de los billetes que se imprimen son de esta denominacià ³n. Son los ms usados y estn en circulacià ³n una media de menos de 6 aà ±os.$2: Thomas Jefferson (retrato pequeà ±o). Son raros, sà ­ que existen$5: Abraham Lincoln. El color de fondo es violeta (pà ºrpura). Retrato grande.$10: Alexander Hamilton. El color de fondo es naranja. Retrato grande.$20: Andrew Jackson. Fondo de color verde y retrato grande.$50: Ulysses S. Grant. Fondo rosa y retrato grande.$100: Benjamin Franklin. Retrato grande, fondo de color. Es el segundo billete con mayor cantidad de unidades en circulacià ³n, despuà ©s del de $1.   Est previsto que en el aà ±o 2020 se presentarn pà ºblicamente billetes con figuras de mujeres, como por ejemplo Harriet Tubman en los de $20, pero tardarn todavà ­a varios aà ±os en estar en circulacià ³n, porque se tarda mucho tiempo en desarrollar billetes nuevos con todas los requisitos de seguridad. Adems, Steven Mnuchin, secretario del Tesoro en el gobierno de Donald Trump, ha expresado sus dudas a la hora de  cambiar la figura de Andrew Jackson con la de Tubman, una mujer negra que nacià ³ esclava y se convirtià ³ en una figura abolicionista clave en el siglo XIX. 7. Nà ºmeros de serie Es recomendable verificar que todos tengan el mismo estilo y que la distancia entre un nà ºmero y otro es siempre la misma. Adems, el color de los nà ºmeros de serie debe ser exacto, incluido el matiz, que el del sello del departamento del Tesoro. 8. Sellos de la Reserva Federal y del Departamento de Tesoro Los dientes de sierra de los sellos de la Reserva Federal y del departamento del Tesoro deben ser claros y no tener ninguno roto. 9. Comparacià ³n con otro billete Si se tiene duda  sobre si un billete es genuino, es recomendable compararlo con otro de igual valor y, a poder ser, de la misma serie, y que se ha obtenido de un banco. Al ponerlos juntos generalmente se ve fcilmente la diferencia si uno de ellos es falso. 10. Otras formas de detectar billetes de dà ³lar falso Se puede comprar un lpiz detector de billetes falsos (counterfeit detection pens) en cualquier librerà ­a grande o tienda de artà ­culos de oficina. Sirven para detectar si el papel es falso. Al pintar una là ­nea sobre el billete y si torna color oro, entonces es verdadero. Si, en cambio, es marrà ³n oscura o gris, el billete es falso. Otras caracterà ­sticas del dà ³lar americano a tener en cuenta Cada billete pesa 1 gramo y todos los billetes tienen el mismo tamaà ±o: 16 pulgadas cuadradas.El Departamento del Tesoro reintegra billetes de dà ³lar a las personas que le entregan billetes rotos, siempre y cuanto tengan la mitad del mismo, como mà ­nimo.El 94 por ciento de los billetes est contaminado con algà ºn tipo de bacteria, la mayorà ­a no peligrosa, y el 90  por ciento contiene restos de cocaà ­na.Desde 1865 el Servicio Secreto es el encargado de proteger al dà ³lar y perseguir los billetes falsos y a quià ©nes los fabrican o utilizan. En aquel momento, justo al acabar la Guerra Civil (Secesià ³n), se calculaba que 1 de cada 3 billetes de dà ³lar en circulacià ³n eran falsos. A tener en cuenta si se tiene un documento falso En los billetes nuevos de $5, $10, $20 y $50 aparece la constelacià ³n Eurion, al igual que en otras divisas. Puede ser reconocida por los programas informticos y su objetivo es impedir que se reproduzcan billetes utilizando fotocopiadoras a color. En el caso de estar en posesià ³n de un billete falso adquirido involuntariamente, es  buena prctica contactar con el Servicio Secreto, ya que es quien se ocupa de este tipo de asuntos, aunque si se est en los Estados unidos en situacià ³n de indocumentado, antes de contactar a las autoridades es aconsejable asesorarse con un abogado. Por otro lado, pagar con un billete de dà ³lar falso es un delito federal, lo que se conoce en inglà ©s como una felony. La condena por un delito es causa para cancelar la visa o para que negar su renovacià ³n. Incluso es causa para que nieguen una visa de inmigrante o un ajuste de estatus para obtener la tarjeta de residencia permanente, conocida como green card. Consejos para turistas extranjeros en Estados Unidos Para evitar problemas, adems de no pagar con billetes falsos, se recomienda tener claro con  quà ©Ã‚  frecuencia se puede volver a ingresar a EEUU como turista  para evitar que las autoridades cancelen o revoquen la visa de turista. Adems, teniendo en cuenta lo caro que puede resultar obtener tratamiento mà ©dico, es muy recomendable saber cà ³mo  comprar seguro mà ©dico antes de viajar a Estados Unidos, teniendo en cuenta que si por una emergencia mà ©dica se causa un gasto a Medicaid, se considerarà ­a a esa persona  una carga pà ºblica para los Estados Unidos y podrà ­a ser una causa para negar o cancelar la visa.   Este es un artà ­culo informativo. No es asesorà ­a legal.

Reference Checks Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Reference Checks - Assignment Example dit-screens, full-blown background investigations, pre-employment written skills (aptitude) tests, and written personality-profile tests† (Perritt and Perritt, 6). In Europe, there is a more democratic practice of prospective employees themselves providing information â€Å"about themselves† (Perritt and Perritt, 11). In case of any unlawful behavior by employees, this document can be used as the employer to validate his/her innocence in the matter. US multi-national employers often conduct â€Å"written pre-hire tests† to assess whether the candidate has â€Å"the right skill sets or aptitudes† (Perritt and Perritt, 13). But in Europe, this kind of a test is not favored because of the â€Å"cultural and human resources† issues involved (Perritt and Perritt, 13). It is argued in European countries that such a test will evoke comprehension problems, translation issues and cultural confusions in overseas employees (Perritt and Perritt, 13). As the appl icant test responses are usually â€Å"private data†, in Europe, such tests will be against the data privacy laws (Perritt and Perritt, 15). Also, in Europe, there are severe restrictions on firing employees (Perritt and Perritt, 17). This makes the hiring mistakes tougher to rectify (Perritt and Perritt, 17). Even in such a situation, the European companies are known to stay away from intruding background check. There is also the instance of pre-hire drug tests, the approach to which US and European context differ greatly. In US, such tests are prevalent, while in Europe, they are unheard of (Perritt and Perritt, 3). But in Europe, â€Å"interviews with applicants’ past employers† is a tool that companies use to verify the background of their employees (Perritt and Perritt, 4). But in US, such an act may invite defamation litigations and misrepresentation suits for the previous employees and so they never disclose negative information (Perritt and Perritt,

The conflict in the Middle East Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

The conflict in the Middle East - Essay Example Similarly, international relations are concerned with how countries in the world relate to each other and the impact of that relation and whether it is beneficial or destructive. In essence international relation is meant to bring mutual cooperation amongst countries. Before we go further we need to know in a nutshell the history and the nature of Israeli Palestinian conflict. This conflict began in the late 19th century, but the conflict turned into a nasty during the early 1990s with both sides employing the use of artillery that resulted in many deaths from both sides. Consequently as the aggression increased so did the human suffering and this definitely caught the attention of the world thus the need to find a lasting solution to the issue. Historical accounts indicate that the Jews were displaced from the land which they were occupying formerly known a Canaan through continuous conflict with its neighbors. During the 14th century, the Ottoman Empire had conquered the whole of t he Middle East. Thus all the peoples of this region came under the Ottoman rule and during the First World War the Ottomans sided with the Germans while on the other hand the British supported an Arab uprising against the Ottomans. The British did this with the promise that they were then going to give the Arabs independence and thus self rule. Of importance to note at this point is that the British also promised to give the Jews who were scattered the world over a homeland in the Palestine. After the war, a declaration known as the Belfour declaration was signed by the British foreign secretary Arthur Balfour. The declaration stated its support for... The conflict in the Middle East The American- Israeli Cooperative Enterprise (2013), puts the number of Jews killed at 24,841 and that of Palestinians killed at 90,785. This paper will thus be looking at the global position of the Middle East, the two warring states (Israel and Palestine), nature and history of the conflict, cost of the war, current state of the conflict, role of leaders, impact of the conflict, and that of religion in this conflict. The Middle East is a location in the east of the world map and it can also be said to comprise Western Asia. This is a region starting from the northeastern part of Africa to southwestern Asia and southeastern Europe.Several ethnic groups inhabit this area with the largest group being the Arab with Jews, Palestinians, Kurds, and Persians among others being the small ethnic groupings. In spite of being neighbors the two states are in a constant war mode that is detrimental to the populations in both states. Interestingly, part of the Palestinian state is located on the southwest of Israel (Gaza) and the other part is located east of Israel (west Bank). This therefore means that both Israel and Palestinian Gaza have access to the Mediterranean Sea and both share borders with Jordan and Egypt. There are several reasons that created this conflict which have had negative impacts on populations of both countries, their economies as well as the social order. Numerous attempts have been made by world leaders at bringing this situation under control but results have not as yet been positive.

Conflict of Interest Applied to a Modern Day Journalism Issue Essay

Conflict of Interest Applied to a Modern Day Journalism Issue - Essay Example This essay approves that a conflict of interest issue has been documented in Canadian journalism. The reports that Canadian journalism has turned into a strange place riddled with secret businesses and sex scandals. This report makes a conclusion that conflict of interest often comprises the competition of personal, financial, or professional obligations with an individual’s accountability to their audience and organizations. Such competing interests could challenge the individual’s ability to fulfil their duties impartially, and could potentially influence their performance and duties. Conflict of interest situations faced with journalists include writing about their family members and friends, contributing in press junkets, and accepting hospitality. When journalists are compelled to make decision with competing tenets, it culminates in great damage either on their professional duties or on personal lives, thus developing a conflict of interest. This conflict of interest often involves personal, financial, or professional obligations, which compete with the journalist’s accountability to their media audience and organization. Canadian journalism has turned into a strange p lace riddled with secret businesses and sex scandals. This makes it hard to fathom how competent journalists interviewed groups to which they had personal connection without the knowledge of their employers raising serious issues of conflict of interest and integrity in journalism.

Managerial Decision Making Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 4

Managerial Decision Making - Essay Example Therefore, this report seeks to discuss how employee empowerment is essential for the employees themselves and how it is a good business to the organization (Farheen & Sidrah, 2011). It also gives the reason as to why employees must be empowered. First, an organization has to give up some of its power in favor of employee autonomy. This will give employees a sense of free environment in contributing ideas and methods by which they will fulfill their tasks. Secondly, invite feedback from employees by installing a suggestion box (Huq, 2010). By doing so, an organization will understand how best to aid their empowerment. Thirdly, opening doors to employees and asking for opinions in meetings will help employees know that they are cared about and that their opinion matter to the organization. In addition, promote employee education by allowing them to get the necessary education. Also, arrange for them to attend career development seminars. By so doing, the organization gains employee loyalty and improve employee performance (Farheen & Sidrah, 2011). Lastly, acknowledging employee achievements by recognizing and congratulating employees on a good job done. This will motivate employees to improve their responsibilities and work m uch harder to deliver efficient and effective outcomes. Employee empowerment is very important to the employees because firstly it brings satisfaction and motivation leading to increased productivity (Sandri, 2011). Secondly, freedom of expression will lead to creativity and innovation. Thirdly, the employees will feel efficient and there will be a lesser need of supervision. Hence this tool of not being supervised, gives employees a freelance attitude and they become more customer friendly, which is a big boost to an organization. Lastly, empowerment will create a sense of ownership hence encouraging employees become more enterprenual. Research has shown that empowering employees is the best

Marketing Essentials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Essentials - Assignment Example Subsequent to that, the Company developed and published ‘Modern Methods of Antiseptic Wound Treatment’ in the year of 1888. In the same year, the Company successfully innovated and launched the first commercial first aid kits. The Maternity kits were launched for the purpose of making childbirth safer in the year of 1894. Johnson & Johnson has strong credos that are inbuilt into the company’s business ideology. The first responsibility is to the nurses, patients, nurses, to fathers and mothers who use the company services and products. In addition to that, the Company maintains following standards: High Quality, Prompt service delivery, Equal opportunity for the suppliers, Individual attention to employees, Adequate and fair compensation and working conditions, Equal employment opportunities. Johnson & Johnson has no established mission or vision statement. However, the credos and values are considered to be serving the role of mission and vision statement for the company. Chapter 2 Analysis of company situation Source: (Johnson & Johnson annual report 2011). Johnson & Johnson performed well in the year of 2011. It produced adjusted earnings for the 28th consecutive year (Annual Report, 2011). In the year, the company’s aggregate sales were $ 65.0 billion adding an increase of 5.6 percent into the sales. Operationally, sales grew by 2.8 percent, representing the growing demand and strength of new products particularly in the pharmaceuticals business segment, science-based continuous innovations in the consumer business, steady and constant growth in the MD&D franchise and strong growth was recorded in the emerging markets (Annual Report, 2011). Up to 70 percent of sales were generated by products having No.1 or No.2 global market share positions. And approximately 25 percent of sales were generated through the products introduced in the past five years (Annual Report, 2011). Also, the company invested $ 7.5 billion in advanced robust pipelines and Research & Development across three of the main business segments. Due to this substantial investments in the R&D projects, the company generated considerable free cash flow of nearly & 11.4 billion. The consequent effect appeared in the shape of AAA credit ratings and consecutively increasing the dividend to shareholders for the last 49 years. Source: (Johnson & Johnson Annual Report, 2011). Chapter 3 Market situation The United States of America remains the biggest market for the personal care and health care products. The market situation in the United States indicates that there are more than 800 companies serving in the personal care and health industry and their collective annual revenues has been estimated around $ 38 billion (Hoovers, 2012). The major companies include Johnson & Johnson, Estee Lauder and Procter & Gamble. The research indicates that this industry is heavily concentrated and 85 percent of industry revenue is contributed by the 50 largest firms i n the personal care products (Hoovers, 2012). Top 5 Companies Source: Hoovers D&B Company The above graph highlights 5 leading companies in the personal and health care p

Comparative Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

Comparative Analysis Paper - Essay Example This, in essence, was a stunning and radical idea; the previous political atmosphere before the American Revolution was that state and sovereign authority was derived solely from the monarch. The American framers of the Constitution made sure that political authority should emanate from the people, through the holding of regular, free, and fair elections in the form of representative democracy in which those who weld political power has to seek a new mandate each time by election. Some historians suspect the idea of a separation of powers came from a suggestion made by Alexis de Tocqueville, a foremost French observer of the American experiment in the new representative democracy in which sovereign will resides in the people, although the idea is not new. It had been extensively discussed earlier by John Locke in his â€Å"Two Treatises of Government† at around 1689; even the Greeks under Aristotle also took up the doctrine of the separation of powers in his treatise entitled â€Å"Politics† circa fourth century B. C. E. (before the current era) and subsequently also in ancient republican Rome based on the same principle of checks and balances to prevent abuse of power by any one man or group or cabal. a. The original intentions of the Founding Fathers of the American Constitution had been distorted, such that this noble concept of separation of powers had become the source of policy deadlock in the American government. Instead of helping in the task of governance, it had instead become the main cause of gridlock we see today in the form of bitter partisanship. America today is faced with a host of problems which require urgent solutions, such as the budget deficits, illegal immigration, the war on terror, environmental concerns, peak oil (that oil is now running out and alternative renewable energy sources must be found, and fast) and persistently big trade deficits as well, but cooperation

Marketing Essentials Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Marketing Essentials - Assignment Example Subsequent to that, the Company developed and published ‘Modern Methods of Antiseptic Wound Treatment’ in the year of 1888. In the same year, the Company successfully innovated and launched the first commercial first aid kits. The Maternity kits were launched for the purpose of making childbirth safer in the year of 1894. Johnson & Johnson has strong credos that are inbuilt into the company’s business ideology. The first responsibility is to the nurses, patients, nurses, to fathers and mothers who use the company services and products. In addition to that, the Company maintains following standards: High Quality, Prompt service delivery, Equal opportunity for the suppliers, Individual attention to employees, Adequate and fair compensation and working conditions, Equal employment opportunities. Johnson & Johnson has no established mission or vision statement. However, the credos and values are considered to be serving the role of mission and vision statement for the company. Chapter 2 Analysis of company situation Source: (Johnson & Johnson annual report 2011). Johnson & Johnson performed well in the year of 2011. It produced adjusted earnings for the 28th consecutive year (Annual Report, 2011). In the year, the company’s aggregate sales were $ 65.0 billion adding an increase of 5.6 percent into the sales. Operationally, sales grew by 2.8 percent, representing the growing demand and strength of new products particularly in the pharmaceuticals business segment, science-based continuous innovations in the consumer business, steady and constant growth in the MD&D franchise and strong growth was recorded in the emerging markets (Annual Report, 2011). Up to 70 percent of sales were generated by products having No.1 or No.2 global market share positions. And approximately 25 percent of sales were generated through the products introduced in the past five years (Annual Report, 2011). Also, the company invested $ 7.5 billion in advanced robust pipelines and Research & Development across three of the main business segments. Due to this substantial investments in the R&D projects, the company generated considerable free cash flow of nearly & 11.4 billion. The consequent effect appeared in the shape of AAA credit ratings and consecutively increasing the dividend to shareholders for the last 49 years. Source: (Johnson & Johnson Annual Report, 2011). Chapter 3 Market situation The United States of America remains the biggest market for the personal care and health care products. The market situation in the United States indicates that there are more than 800 companies serving in the personal care and health industry and their collective annual revenues has been estimated around $ 38 billion (Hoovers, 2012). The major companies include Johnson & Johnson, Estee Lauder and Procter & Gamble. The research indicates that this industry is heavily concentrated and 85 percent of industry revenue is contributed by the 50 largest firms i n the personal care products (Hoovers, 2012). Top 5 Companies Source: Hoovers D&B Company The above graph highlights 5 leading companies in the personal and health care p

International Terrorism and the Meaning of Islam Essay

International Terrorism and the Meaning of Islam - Essay Example According to Rashid (2002), Muslim militants have been known to engage in a variety of terror acts ranging from beheadings, bombings, kidnappings, suicide attacks, hijackings and spree killings. Such incidences of terror have been witnessed in numerous places around the world such as America, Asia, Europe, Africa, the Pacific, and Middle East. The Muslim militants commonly referred to as Jihadists, usually net out violence to non-Muslims, terming it Jihad. Many people in different parts of the world who have been hard hit by these acts of terror are usually left wondering whether Islam is a religion of piece, violence, or both. The social meaning of Islam has been to inculcate peace and love for one another. Muslims claim that Islam teaches them to be compassionate and to care for everyone in society. However, confusion is brought about by Islamic teachings which propagate that Muslims should wrestle all those who do not trust or worship Allah, and those who do not adopt the religion of Islam. This has been one religious teaching that they have used to justify their acts of terror. This has been the main reason why the Western mind has a skewed meaning about the social meaning of Islam because it is not clear what they stand for. On one hand, they purport to teach and preach peace and love among one another, yet, on the other hand, they continuously engage in acts of terrorism, mostly against non-Muslims, which lead to mass deaths, loss of life, and destruction of property (Avner, 2008).

The JACHO 2006 Standard and its Implementation in the ER Essay Example for Free

The JACHO 2006 Standard and its Implementation in the ER Essay The Joint Commission on Accreditation of Healthcare organizations (JACHO) is known for its effort in accrediting hospitals and other medical facilities and is an independent, nonprofit organization. It is the oldest standard-setting and accrediting body in the health care in the United States, evaluates, and accredits about 20,000 hospitals and health care organizations nationwide. The JACHO’s mission is to see to it that quality care provided to the public is improve, through the provision of health care accreditation and related services supporting the performance improvement in health care organizations. The 2006 National Patient safety Goals aims to promote precise improvements in the patient safety, and to point out complicated areas in health care and illustrate consensus based on experts and on evidence, to solutions to these complicated areas. This goal is focus in general on system-wide solutions when ever and where ever possible. The 2006 Standard for Hospital Care Item 2E Item 2E of the 2006 standards for hospital care implement standardized means to â€Å"hand-off† communications, which include the chance to ask and respond to questions (The Joint Commission Perspective on Patient safety p. 3). The requirement 2E can be implemented in the ER through interactive communication, which would provide opportunity for question and answer between the giver of health care and the receiver. The 2E item can also be implemented through review of relevant patient historical information, which contains earlier care, management and services. However, it is important that health care organization defines and communicate a process in which information about patient care is communicated consistently. Meghan Pillow pointed out that when patient is handed off â€Å"care givers promote safe and effective treatment by passing along crucial information such as patient current condition, on going treatment, recent changes in condition, and possible changes or complications for which to be prepared† (Pillow 2007, p. 95). Reference List Improving Compliance with the 2006 National Patient Safety Goals Patient Safety Vol. 6 Issue 3March 2006 http://www.theschwartzcenter.org/news/news/Implementing.pdf Pillow, Meghan (2007) Improving Hand-off Communication. USA: Joint Commission Resources

Essay --

Have you realized that â€Å"Fear of quitting smoking causes the majority of smokers to continue smoking, not the actual nicotine withdrawal† (That company called if). The reasons to smoke differ from teens within society. This is an opinion based paper that gives a brief scope as to what the main reasons are for inhaling this harmful substance, going from getting addicted to eradicating the need to smoke in your daily life. This essay not only shines a bright light in the life of a ‘smoker’ but also brings out the prospects in not smoking and how it only goes uphill from there! â€Å"The action or habit of inhaling and exhaling the smoke of tobacco or a drug† (Oxford University Press), is the classification of smoking. Why do people start smoking in the first place? The main 4 reasons for a teen to start smoking are stress, social awareness and peer pressure but also to cope with boredom; this are the alleged reasons that are all psychological based. Today in the 21st century smoking a cigarette or smoking in general will enhance ones social skills, as in make you cool throughout your friends and you even might impress someone of the opposite gender too. Teens specially start smoking cause they think their life is stressful due to studies and personal pressures such as family problems. Teens are looking for a way to put their blame on something other than just facing their problems. Nonetheless in today’s society you have a bigger chance of getting influenced specially from those close to you such as friends and family, which leads to peer pre ssure, doing something that you don’t want to do. â€Å"The number of movies with tobacco-related scenes has gone down since 2005. But in 2010, more than 30% of top-grossing movies rated G, PG, and PG-... ...minimum of 5 other effects smoking causes the human body and your health (Free OxyGenaration). On the positive of things, if you stop smoking you will look much healthier as your skin will receive more oxygen, you will increase your life expectancy by a couple of years, decrease the chances of getting cancer and finally but not least you will save a lot of money which you could benefit you and your family. To sum up, the benefits of not smoking are gigantic and therefore you will realize once you stop smoking that everything is going to go uphill from now on. This is the foundation or you can say the basis of your life, which will gradually be built. This will help you live the so-called smoke-free and healthy lifestyle. All together, what you decide; to smoke or not to smoke decision is up to you. This essay gives a detail outline for what to do and what not to do.

Essay --

Chris Nguyen Xxxxxx Xxxxxx 27 December 2013 Socialization and Stigmatization of HIV/ AIDS in Developing and Developed Societies: A Comparative Survey of Selected Recent Literature Introduction In the last thirty years the social perception of HIV/ AIDS has changed dramatically in the public conscious. The disease itself has shifted from being a baffling virus in the 1960s and 1970s, to the offensively termed â€Å"Gay-related immune deficiency† or GRID, to finally being termed the Human Immune-deficiency Virus (HIV) and Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS) by the Center for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) in the 1980s. Despite scientific advances in modern medicine, the perception of the illness is still highly sexualized and carries a deeply negative stigma, especially in economically developing societies. In this paper I will analyze a selection of current literature to gain understanding of how HIV/ AIDS first came into existence and how it was initially perceived in the public conscious. From this same pool of recent literature I will examine sub-Saharan African societies, specifically cases in Tanzania and South Africa, as well as the socio-politic al context surrounding HIV/ AIDS governance in present-day China. In contrast, I will also draw from an article that discusses stigma experienced by HIV-positive women living in Canada- a developed society. Despite the reams of scientific literature on the subject, public consciousness about living with HIV/ AIDS and preventing its transmission in developing and developed societies remains low. Cultural and Socio-political Perceptions of HIV Infection Modern perceptions of HIV and AIDS are driven by archaic and outdated social stigma that has existed since the discovery ... ...gical sense. Obviously people observe different cultures and norms across all of the world’s societies. In order to address a common problem across uncommon environments, problem-solvers must seek-out culturally appropriate means and methods for confronting any given issue. HIV and AIDS- related stigma is a problem that has plagued social society since the discovery of the illness. Even the most developed societies like Canada are not immune to prejudice and bias. As such, much responsibility falls upon educated people to share the importance of sexual and reproductive health with those who may not have access to the same level of quality education. While history has already written bias and stigma into the lives of those who have lived and continue to live with HIV or AIDS, the phenomenon of bias can be understood. And with understanding comes the hope for change.

Marketing Success Through Differentiation Essay

Marketing success through differentiationof anything Any product oi service can he differentiated, even the commodity that seems to differ from competitors’ offerings only in price Theodore Levitt On television we see product differentiation all the time, whether the subject of the commercial is a distinguishable good like an automobile or an indistinguishable good like laundry detergent. These are packaged products. How does the marketer differentiate a so-called commodity like isopropyl alcohol, strip steel, commercial bank services, or even legal counsel? The author describes the attributes of products that give the marketer opportunity to win the customer from the competition and, having won him, to keep him. Finally, the author describes the alert, imaginative state of mind that characterizes good management of product differentiation. â€Å"The way in which the manager operates becomes an extension of product differentiation,† he says. Mr. Levitt is the Edward W. Carter Professor of Business Administration at the Harvard Business . School and head of the marketing area of instruction there. His articles in HBR, which number nearly two dozen, include the well-known â€Å"Marketing Myopia† (published in i960 and reprinted as an HBR Classic in September-October 1975) and â€Å"Marketing When Things Change† (November-December 1977). His most recent book is Marketing foi Business Growth (McGraw-Hill, 1974)- There is no such thing as a commodity. All goods and services are diflferentiable. Though the usual presumption is that this is more true of consumer goods than of industrial goods and services, the opposite is the actual case. In the marketplace, differentiation is everywhere. Everybody-producer, fabricator, seller, broker, agent, merchant—tries constantly to distinguish his offering from all others. This is true even of those who produce and deal in primary metals, grains, chemicals, plastics, and money. Fabricators of consumer and industrial goods seek competitive distinction via product features—some visually or measurably identifiable, some cosmetically implied, and some rhetorically claimed by reference to real or suggested hidden attributes that promise results or values different from those of competitors’ products. So too with consumer and industrial services— what I call, to be accurate, â€Å"intangibles. † On the commodities exchanges, for example, dealers in metals, grains, and pork bellies trade in totally undifferentiated generic products. But what they â€Å"sell† is the claimed distinction of their execution—the efficiency of their transactions in thir clients’ behalf, their responsiveness to inquiries, the clarity and speed of their confirmations, and the like. In short, the offered product is differentiated, though the generic product is identical. When the generic product is undifferentiated, the offered product makes the difference in getting customers and the delivered product in keeping them. When the knowledgeable senior partner of a wellknown Chicago brokerage firm appeared at a New York City bank in a tight-fitting, lime green polyester suit and Gucci shoes to solicit business in financial instrument futures, the outcome was predictably 84 Harvard Business Review January-February 1980 poor. The unintended offering implied by his sartorial appearance contradicted the intended offering of his carefully prepared presentation. No wonder that Thomas Watson the elder insisted so uncompromisingly that his salesmen be attired in their famous IBM â€Å"uniforms. † While clothes may not make the man, they may help make the sale. The usual presumption about so-called undifferentiated commodities is that they are exceedingly price sensitive. A fractionally lower price gets the business. That is seldom true except in the imagined world of economics textbooks. In the actual world of markets, nothing is exempt from other considerations, even when price competition rages. During periods of sustained surplus, excess capacity, and unrelieved price war, when the attention of all seems riveted on nothing save price, it is precisely because price is visible and measurable, and potentially devastating in its effects, that price deflects attention from the possibilities of extricating the product from ravaging price competition. These possibilities, even in the short run, are not confined simply to nonprice competition, such as harder personal selling, intensified advertising, or what’s loosely called more or better â€Å"services.To see fully what these possibilities are, it is useful first to examine what exactly a product is. What’s a product? Products are almost always combinations of the tangible and the intangible. An automobile is not simply a machine for movement visibly or measurably differentiated by design, size, color, options, horsepower, or miles per gallon. It is also a complex symbol denoting status, taste, rank, achievement, a spiration, and (these days) being â€Å"smart†Ã¢â‚¬â€that is, buying fuel economy rather than display.

Food Waste in the U.K.

Wasted Food We have a lot of problems in the world today and one of these problems is food waste. I will be going over facts and statistics of one of the leading countries that produces food waste; the United Kingdom. There is another problem out there that could reduce this problem and that is United Kingdom citizens that are malnourished and starving to death. What if one problem was another problems solution? The amount of food waste worldwide could end world hunger and save thousands of lives.It is easy to sit at home with a full belly and full fridge and not think of these kinds of problems. If every time people were going to throw away perfectly good food and saw a starving family or child they would easily give that family or child the food. The problem is we do not see these family and children every day. The average United Kingdom family is wasting nearly 60 euros a month by throwing away almost an entire meal a day (Smithies). This is 24 meals a month, adding up to 4. 2 mil lion tons of food and drink every year that could have been consumed (Smithies).The UK food industry is wasting an estimated cost of 5 billion euros per year (GOB). Reducing the volume of food wasted in food manufacturing, retailing and foddering operations means reducing the overall costs of these operations. Efficient, cost-effective companies are best positioned to deliver affordable products to consumers, grow, create Jobs and support their communities (FAR). England itself has a huge hunger problem that people are not aware of. In 2008, 3,161 patients were admitted to hospital in England which went up to more than 5,400 in 2012 (Hope).The number of people fed by food banks has gone up from 26,000 in 2008 to 347,000 in 2012 (Hope). England is considered to have a surplus of food supply and from the evidence shown in the first paragraph these next statistics go back to my point of solving a problem with a problem. 78 percent of malnourished children live in countries that have a surplus of food and there is enough food being produced in the world today to feed every person 2,720 calories each day. Hunger is the world's number 1 health risk it kills more people than AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis combined (Food Security and Welfare Politics).Food Waste does not only effect people who are malnourished and hungry but it also hurting our environment. When food waste decomposes in a landfill, it generates methane, a potent greenhouse gas with 21 times the global warming potential of carbon dioxide. Keeping food waste out of landfills will result in reduced methane emissions. Also, growing food requires many resources, including water and energy. Wasted food is a waste of the resources used to grow it (FAR). Eliminating food waste at the source is the preferred approach.But when food waste is generated, it can be recycled into impost or energy, which offer a number of environmental benefits. Compost improves soil health and structure, increases drought resistance , and reduces the need for other fertilizer. Also, food waste doesn't create methane in a compost system the way it does in a landfill. Food waste can also be turned into renewable energy through anaerobic digestion, where the methane emissions from broken down food are captured to produce biogas, heat and energy (FAR).The solution to this problem of food waste has already started and there are a lot of great organizations out there that everyone should be aware of. The Food Waste Reduction Alliance is an example of a great organization that more people need to be aware of. The Food Waste Reduction Alliance (FAR) is a collaborative effort of the Grocery Manufacturers Association, the Food Marketing Institute, and the National Restaurant Association. The FARMS mission is to reduce the volume of food waste sent to landfill by addressing the root causes of waste, and securing pathways to donate or recycle unavoidable food waste (FAR).Large food producing companies in the United Kingdom have started to make progress Tests has agreed to reduce its multi-buy teems and other promotions after revealing that 35% of its bagged salad is being thrown out (Smithies). The United Kingdom is working with Waste and Resources Action Programmer's and businesses on voluntary agreements to reduce food and packaging waste as well as providing ideas and information to help waste less, through the WRAPS Love Food, Hate Waste campaign (GOB).Another great example of ways the United Kingdom government are reducing waste is the Courtyard Commitment a responsibility deal in the grocery retail sector which includes finding says to reducing household waste from groceries, and also the hospitality and food service voluntary agreement, which aims to cut food and associated packaging waste by 5 percent and increase the overall rate of food and packaging waste that is being recycled, sent to anaerobic digestion or composted to 70 percent by 2015.In conclusion food waste in the United Kingdom is Just a small portion of what is going on around the world. The United Kingdom itself is wasting enough food to feed Europe, imagine the statistics and facts of the rest of Europe and even the United States. This seems to be a problem that is so easy to solve that it's hard. There are a lot of great organizations out there doing the right thing and politicians who are trying to pass the laws to stop wood waste.

Research Methodology Essay

This chapter includes research method, setting of the study, subject of the study, source of data, procedure of the study, project design, hardware and software requirements and statistical treatment. Research Method The researchers used the descriptive method together with the developmental research to come up with desired system. Descriptive research is concerned with the description of data and characteristics about a population. The goal is the acquisition of factual, accurate and systematic data that can be used in averages, frequencies and similar statistical calculations. Descriptive studies seldom involve experimentation, as they are more concerned with naturally occurring phenomena than with the observation of controlled situations. [1] The researchers believes that the descriptive method of research is appropriate for their system because it is easy to analyze, interpret the data gathered information and understand data that are easily recognizable. They chose to use this method because the descriptive research design enable researchers to describe or present the picture of a phenomenon or phenomena under investigation and it also includes many particular research methodologies and procedures, such as observations, surveys, self-reports, and tests. Developmental research, A term describing the systematic use and practical application of investigative findings and theories of a scientific or technical nature toward the design, development, testing, evaluation or improvement of useful products to meet specific performance requirements but exclusive of manufacturing and production engineering. Extramural activities which are primarily for development of training materials and curricula should be identified as Developmental Research. [2] Developmental research, as opposed to simple instructional development, has been defined as the systematic study of designing, developing, and evaluating instructional programs, processes, and products that must meet criteria of  internal consistency and effectiveness. Developmental research is particularly important in the field of instructional technology. The most common types of developmental research involve situations in which the product-development process is analyzed and described, and the final product is evaluated. A second type of developmental research focuses more on the impact of the product on the learner or the organization. A third type of study is oriented toward a general analysis of design development or evaluation processes as a whole or as components. A fundamental distinction should be made between reports of actual developmental research (practice) and descriptions of design and development procedural models (theory). Although it has frequently been misunderstood, developmental research has contributed much to the growth of the field as a whole, often serving as a basis for model construction and theorizing.[3] The researchers used the development research method because the researchers aimed to come up with a system not yet developed before. Setting of the study The application of the developed system is focused in Eastroad Apartelle in Binangonan, Rizal. It is located at Nt’l Rd., Hi-way Calumpang, Binangonan, Rizal near the tennis court and the municipal hall. The Apartelle is fully operational since July 8, 2006 when it is first started as a small inn. At this moment, the apartelle has 23 rooms now and 8 employees and still growing. Their Mission is to be recognized as the leading Apartelle in the Binangonan area with disciplined, happy and highly-skilled staff committed to giving the highest standard of service. They envision themselves as leading and dominating in terms of lodging industry in Rizal. Subject of the study The Eastroad Apartelle Logging/Billing System is developed because there was this urge to boost their quality of service by modernizing the way of their business. Thus, the study will focus on the staff of the apartelle as the respondents because they are the ones who are in charge of maintaining the good reputation of the apartelle. Definitely, it will affect their way of transacting through the introduction of technology in their methodology. The perceptions of the staff and of the customers will be evaluated through an adopted questionnaire. The researchers chose the 8 staff of the Eastroad Apartelle because the researchers observed that they could need more up to date methods of transactions. The chosen respondents consist of 1 secretary, 3 front desk officers, 2 restaurant crew and 2 service crews. Since there are only eight staff members in the apartelle, the researchers decided to conduct the study with all of them as the respondents which will also evaluate the system by answering the questionnaire checklist and test the developed Eastroad Apartelle Lodging and Billing System. Source of data The researchers gathered the primary source of data through the adapted questionnaire and interviews with the respondents. They also used secondary sources of data such as reading materials, like books that are related to the said study and surfing different websites. Procedure of the study At first, the researchers will start the identification of the problem and tackle the different aspects of the problem and its possible solutions. Second, they will formulate some titles. After being approved through the title defense, the researchers will now start gathering some data by means of interviewing and doing some on-site observations. After that, the researchers will start to write Chapters 1 and 2 which they will defend sooner. Project Design System Flowchart and Algorithm System Flowchart Algorithm When the user was about to explore the logging/billing system: 1. Start 2. Login 3. Select room category whether it is: 3.1 Standard type 3.1.1 Select how many hours to check in 3.1.2 Select available room and pay the initial bill 3.1.3 If check in time reach limit, decide whether to extend or check out 3.2 Economy type 3.2.1 Select how many hours to check in 3.2.2 Select available room and pay the initial bill 3.2.3 If check in time reach limit, decide whether to extend or check out 3.3 Budget type 3.3.1 Select how many hours to check in 3.3.2 Select available room and pay the initial bill 3.3.3 If check in time reach limit, decide whether to extend or check out 4. End Hardware and software requirements Hardware The system will be running by the use of a computer set (monitor, system unit, mouse, keyboard and speaker or earphone). The following parts are MSI H61M-E33/W8 Micro ATX LGA1155 Motherboard, G.Skill Ripjaws Series 8GB (2 x 4GB) DDR3-1600 Ram, Western Digital Caviar Blue 500GB 3.5†³ 7200RPM Internal Hard Drive, NVIDIA NVS 300 512MB Graphics Card, Corsair Builder 500W 80 PLUS Bronze Certified ATX12V Power Supply, A4tech OP-620/ 720 PS2 Optical Mouse, A4tech KBS-720A PS2 Keyboard, and Creative 2.0 SBS A40 USB Powered Speakers. The respondents used the mouse for clicking their desired service to be rendered to their customers and the monitor for viewing the contents of their transactions. Software The researchers will be using Microsoft Visual Studio 6 and Microsoft Office 2007. Minimum system requirements to be able to run the software are as follows: PC with Pentium-class processor; Pentium 90 or higher processor recommended, Microsoft Windows 95 or later operating system or Windows NT operating system version 4.0 with Service Pack 3 or later (Service Pack 3 included) , 24 MB of RAM for Windows 95 (32 MB recommended); 24 MB for Windows NT 4.0 (32 MB recommended) , Microsoft Internet Explorer 4.01 Service Pack 1 (included) , Hard disk space: Typical installation: 116 MB,  Maximum installation: 135 MB, Additional hard disk space may be required for the following products: Internet Explorer: 43 MB typical, 59 MB maximum MSDN: 57 MB typical, 493 MB maximum, Windows NT Option Pack: 20 MB for Windows 95; 200 MB for Windows NT 4.0, Microsoft SQL Server 6.5 run on Windows NT 4.0 only and require the following additional hard disk space: SQL Server: 80 MB typical, 95MB maximum. The researchers chose to use Microsoft Visual Studio 6 (Visua l Basic 6). Microsoft Visual Studio is an integrated development environment (IDE) from Microsoft. It is used to develop console and graphical user interface applications along with Windows Forms applications, web sites, web applications, and web services in both native code together with managed code for all platforms supported by Microsoft Windows, Windows Mobile, Windows CE, .NET Framework, .NET Compact Framework and Microsoft Silverlight. Visual Studio includes a code editor supporting IntelliSense as well as code refactoring. The integrated debugger works both as a source-level debugger and a machine-level debugger. Other built-in tools include a forms designer for building GUI applications, web designer, class designer, and database schema designer. It accepts plug-ins that enhance the functionality at almost every level—including adding support for source-control systems (like Subversion and Visual SourceSafe) and adding new toolsets like editors and visual designers for domain-specific languages or toolsets for other aspects of the software development lifecycle (like the Team Foundation Server client: Team Explorer). Visual Studio supports different programming languages by means of language services, which allow the code editor and debugger to support (to varying degrees) nearly any programming language, provided a language-specific service exists. Built-in languages include C/C++ (via Visual C++), VB.NET (via Visual Basic .NET), C# (via Visual C#), and F# (as of Visual Studio 2010[7]). Support for other languages such as M, Python, and Ruby among others is available via language services installed separately. It also supports XML/XSLT, HTML/XHTML, JavaScript and CSS. Individual language-specific versions of Visual Studio also exist which provide more limited language services to the user: Microsoft Visual Basic, Visual J#, Visual C#, and Visual C++. [4] Also, the researchers will use Microsoft Access 2007 or latest. Microsoft Access is a computer application used to create and manage computer-based databases on desktop computers  and/or on connected computers (a network). Microsoft Access can be used for personal information management (PIM), in a small business to organize and manage data, or in an enterprise to communicate with servers. [5] Statistical Treatment Weighted mean has been chosen by the researchers to measure the acceptability of the developed system by the beneficiary. Range (1-5)Verbal Interpretation Scale 4.20 – 5.00Strongly Accepted5 3.20 – 4.19Accepted4 2.60 – 3.19Moderately Accepted3 1.80 – 2.59Not Accepted2 1.0 – 1.79Strongly Not Accepted1 Notes 1http://www.ehow.com/about_6663890_meaning-descriptive-method-research_.html 2http://cnc.ucr.edu/ecaf/glossary.html 3http://www.eric.ed.gov/ERICWebPortal/search/detailmini.jsp?_nfpb=true&_&ERICExtSearch_SearchValue_0=ED373753&ERICExtSearch_SearchType_0=no&accno=ED373753 4http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Microsoft_Visual_Studio 5http://www.functionx.com/access/Lesson01.htm